Program #10 - LCD display of Temperature

A Thermometer

We can substitute a thermistor for the 10K pot in program #9 and we have a thermometer. The major problem is calibration of the thermistor. We must make up a table of temperature values for each TMR0 reading we get. You can see the ones I came up with at the end of the program. Just by luck it covered the temperature range I was interested in without changing the prescalar ratio, (it stays at 1:16). The temperatures are degrees Fahrenheit and the low numbers after 99 are 100 and up.

The Thermistor

The thermistor has a room temperature value of about 9K. Peter Anderson, ( http://www.phanderson.com), sells them for $0.65. He also sells the National LM35DZ thermometer for about $1.25 that you can use to calibrate the thermistor. You will need something like digital multimeter to read LM35 at 10 mV/ deg F, (just add a battery). I placed the thermistor and thermometer together in a stirred bath of ice water which I let heated up. I took tmr0 readings and temperature about every degree or so. Putting the values in Excel allowed me to fit a quadratic and create a table of temperature vs TMR0 reading. The values occur in two tables with the integer 2 digits in one and the single fractional digit in the other.

Referencing the table

You will notice that I placed the tables at H'200' and H'300'which are the 3rd and 4th pages of '84 program memory. This brings up a problem you may encounter with the program counter. 'Goto' and 'call' can modify the program counter and reach any place in the 16F84's program space. If you modify PCL, ( Program Counter Low byte ), you can make a change of only 256 locations, the size of one page. The high byte of the program counter, the page bits, are not directly available. Any instruction, other than goto or call or return, that modifies PCL also causes the page bits of the program counter to be loaded from a register called PCLATH.

PCLATH seems to be initialized to zero. As long as our table stays in page 0 everything is O.K. If we place our table on another page, we have to preload PCLATH with the page every time we access the table. This is done in the main loop, 'sholoop' where 2 is loaded in to PCLATH before temptable is called. Things get more complicated when a table crosses a page boundary. We simplify things by making sure our table stays within one page.

Your turn

Accuracy

The thermometer is probably not very accurate. The LM35DZ I used could have been off although it did read 31.9 deg F in the ice bath. The quadratic deviates from the real curve at the upper and lower end. It gives a ice point value 2 degrees high, (TMR0 value at ice point was 65). Higher order polynominals seemed to wiggle around too much. You can probably come up with a better fit and something to check the LM35.

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;      THERM.ASM     Shows Temperature from Thermistor on LCD             ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;


           LIST P=16F84           ;  16F84 Runs at 4 MHz
           INCLUDE "p16f84.inc"
           __CONFIG _PWRTE_ON & _LP_OSC & _WDT_OFF  ; uses 32.768 kHz crystal
           ERRORLEVEL -224        ;  supress annoying message because of tris
           ERRORLEVEL -302        ;  supress message because of page change

;  Define Information
     #DEFINE RS PORTA, 0          ;  RA0 is RS line of LCD
     #DEFINE E  PORTA, 1          ;  RA1 is E line of LCD
                                  ;  RB0-RB3 are D4-D7 of LCD
;  Macro

EStrobe MACRO                   ;  Strobe the "E" Bit
  bsf    E
  bcf    E
 ENDM

            CBLOCK     0CH
                Temp            ; a temporary variable
                count           ; counter
                bin             ; binary number to be converted to BCD
                hundreds        ; BCD hundreds result
                tens_and_ones   ; BCD tens and ones result
                savetmr0        ; used to save value of tmr0
                dispvalue       ; used to hold temperature to be displayed
                tableindex      ; points to table value to display
             ENDC
          
            ORG 0               ; start at location 0

            goto main           ; jump over to main routine       

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;                    Data for message to be output                        ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
shomsg:                         ;  Message to Output
  addwf  PCL, f                 ;  Output the Characters
m0  dt     "TMR0 Value:", 0
m1  dt     "Temperature", 0

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;                        Ratios of Prescaler                              ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
preratio:                          
  addwf  PCL, f                 ;  select offset using W
    dt     D'2',D'4',D'8',D'16',D'32',D'64',D'128'

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;                       Initialize the ports                              ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
Init:
            clrf   PORTA
            clrf   PORTB

            movlw B'00010000'          ; RA4 input, others outputs
            tris PORTA
            movlw B'00110000'          ; RB4, RB5 input, others outputs
            tris PORTB
            movlw B'00100011'          ; pull-ups enabled                                    
                                       ; prescaler assigned to RA4
                                       ; prescaler set to 1:16
            option
            return

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;                 Initialize the LCD                                      ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
initlcd:
  movlw D'40'
  call   nmsec                  ;  Wait 40 msecs before Reset
  bcf    RS                     ;  send an 8 bit instruction
  movlw  0x03                   ;  Reset Command
  call   NybbleOut              ;  Send the Nybble
  call   Dlay5                  ;  Wait 5 msecs before Sending Again
  EStrobe
  nop  
  nop                           ;  Wait 244 usecs before Sending the Second Time
  EStrobe
  nop
  nop                           ;  Wait 244 usecs before Sending the Third Time
  bcf    RS                     ; send an 8 bit instruction
  movlw  0x02                   ;  Set 4 Bit Mode
  call   NybbleOut              
  nop
  nop                
  movlw  0x028                  ;  4 bit, 2 Line, 5x7 font
  call   SendINS
  movlw  0x010                  ;  display shift off
  call   SendINS
  movlw  0x001                  ;  Clear the Display RAM
  call   SendINS
  call   Dlay5                  ;  Note, Can take up to 4.1 msecs
  movlw  0x006                  ;  increment cursor
  call   SendINS
  movlw  0x00C                  ;  display on cursor off
  call   SendINS
  return

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;              Send the character in W out to the LCD                     ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
SendASCII
  addlw '0'                     ;  Send nbr as ASCII character
SendCHAR                        ;  Send the Character to the LCD
  movwf  Temp                   ;  Save the Temporary Value
  swapf  Temp, w                ;  Send the High Nybble
  bsf    RS                     ;  RS = 1
  call   NybbleOut
  movf   Temp, w                ;  Send the Low Nybble
  bsf    RS
  call   NybbleOut
  return

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;              Send an instruction in W out to the LCD                    ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
SendINS                         ;  Send the Instruction to the LCD
  movwf  Temp                   ;  Save the Temporary Value
  swapf  Temp, w                ;  Send the High Nybble
  bcf    RS                     ;  RS = 0
  call   NybbleOut
  movf   Temp, w                ;  Send the Low Nybble
  bcf    RS
  call   NybbleOut
  return

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;              Send the nibble in W out to the LCD                        ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
NybbleOut                       ;  Send a Nybble to the LCD
  movwf  PORTB                            
  EStrobe                       ;  Strobe out the LCD Data
  nop
  nop
  return

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;                   Output the message on the LCD                           ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
OutMessage:
  movwf  FSR                    ;  Point at first letter
OutLoop:
  movf   FSR, w                 ;  Get pointer into W
  incf   FSR, f                 ;  Set up for next letter
  call   shomsg                 ;  Get character to output
  iorlw  0                      ;  At the End of the Message?
  btfsc  STATUS, Z              ;  Skip if not at end
  return                        ;  Yes - Equal to Zero
  call   SendCHAR               ;  Output the ASCII Character
  goto   OutLoop                ;  Get the next character

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;                  Change binary nbr in bin to BCD                        ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
binary_to_bcd                     ; by Scott Dattalo
  clrf hundreds
  swapf bin, W
  addwf bin, W
  andlw B'00001111'
  skpndc
    addlw 0x16
  skpndc
    addlw 0x06
  addlw 0x06
  skpdc
  addlw -0x06
  btfsc bin,4
    addlw 0x16 - 1 + 0x6
  skpdc
    addlw -0x06
  btfsc bin,5
    addlw 0x30
  btfsc bin, 6
    addlw 0x60
  btfsc bin,7
    addlw 0x20
  addlw 0x60
  rlf hundreds, f
  btfss hundreds, 0
    addlw -0x60
  movwf tens_and_ones
  btfsc bin,7
    incf hundreds, f
  return

;-----------------------------------------------------------------------;
;                           Delay routine                               ;
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------;
msec250  movlw 0               ; 250 msec delay (adjusted to try and
                               ; allow for 2.5% low loop time)
         goto $+2
Dlay5    movlw 5               ; delay for 5 milliseconds
nmsec:                         ; delay for # msec in W on entry
         nop                   ; each nop is 0.122 milliseconds
         nop
         nop                   ; each total loop is 8 X 0.122 = 0.976 msec
         nop
         addlw H'FF'           ; same as subtracting 1 from W
         btfss STATUS, Z       ; skip if result is zero
         goto nmsec            ; this is  2 X 0.122 msec  
         return                ; back to calling point

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;                Display binary value in W in decimal                     ;             ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
DispDec
              movwf bin
              call binary_to_bcd
              movf hundreds, W
              call SendASCII
              swapf tens_and_ones, W
              andlw H'F'
              call SendASCII
              movf tens_and_ones, W
              andlw H'F'
              call SendASCII
              return


;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;                           The Main routine                              ;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------;
main:
       call Init               ; initialize ports, set up timer
       call initlcd            ; initialize the LCD
       movlw H'80'             ; position at 1st line column 0
       call SendINS
       movlw m0 -2             ; send 'TMR0 Value:' message
       call OutMessage
       movlw H'C0'
       call SendINS            ; position at 2nd line column 0
       movlw m1 -2             ; send 'Temperature:' message
       call OutMessage
sholoop:
      movlw H'8C'             ; position at 1st line column 12
       call SendINS
       bcf INTCON, T0IF        ; clear timer zero interrupt flag
       clrf TMR0               ; zero TMR0
       call msec250            ; wait a total of one second
       call msec250
       call msec250
       call msec250
       movf TMR0, W            ; retrieve timer zero
       movwf savetmr0          ; save the value
       btfsc INTCON, T0IF      ; check if timer overflowed
       goto overload           ; yes, display 'OVR'
       call DispDec            ; display TMR0 value
       movlw H'CC'             ; position at  2nd line column 12
       call SendINS
       movlw 2                 ; set up PCLATH to page 2
       movwf PCLATH
       movlw D'64'             ; 1st table value is for tmr0 = 64
       subwf savetmr0, W       ; subtract 64 from tmr0 value
       movwf tableindex
       call temptable1          ; get 1st two digits of temperature
       movwf dispvalue         ; save it in display value
       swapf dispvalue, W      ; get hi nibble in W
       andlw H'0F'             ; lowest 4 bits
       call SendASCII          ; display it
       movf dispvalue, W       ; get lo nibble in W
       andlw H'0F'             ; lowest 4 bits
       call SendASCII          ; display it
       movlw '.'               ; send decimal point
       call SendCHAR
       movlw 3                 ; set up for second table, (page 3)
       movwf PCLATH
       movf tableindex, W
       call temptable2         ; get decimal point
       call SendASCII          ; display it
       goto sholoop            ; repeat forever
overload
       movlw 'O'               ; output 'OVER'
       call SendCHAR
       movlw 'V'
       call SendCHAR
       movlw 'E'
       call SendCHAR
       movlw 'R'
       call SendCHAR
       movlw ' '
       call SendCHAR
       goto sholoop            ; and continue

       org H'200'
temptable1:                     ; get temperature to display
       addwf PCL, f            
       dt 33,34,34,35,35,36,36,37,37,38,38,39,39,40,40,40,41,41,42,42,43
       dt 43,44,44,45,45,46,46,46,47,47,48,48,49,49,50,50,50,51,51,52,52
       dt 53,53,53,54,54,55,55,56,56,56,57,57,58,58,58,59,59,60,60,60,61
       dt 61,62,62,62,63,63,64,64,64,65,65,66,66,66,67,67,67,68,68,69,69
       dt 69,70,70,70,71,71,72,72,72,73,73,73,74,74,74,75,75,75,76,76,77
       dt 77,77,78,78,78,79,79,79,80,80,80,81,81,81,81,82,82,82,83,83,83
       dt 84,84,84,85,85,85,86,86,86,86,87,87,87,88,88,88,89,89,89,89,90
       dt 90,90,91,91,91,91,92,92,92,92,93,93,93,94,94,94,94,95,95,95,95
       dt 96,96,96,96,97,97,97,97,98,98,98,98,99,99,99,99,99,00,00,00,00
       dt 00,01,01,01
       org H'300'
temptable2:
       addwf PCL, f
       dt 7,2,7,2,7,2,6,1,6,1,5,0,5,0,4,9,4,8,3,8,2,7,1,6,1,5,0,4
       dt 9,3,8,2,6,1,5,0,4,8,3,7,2,6,0,4,9,3,7,1,6,0,4,8,2,7,1,5
       dt 9,3,7,1,5,9,3,7,1,5,9,3,7,1,5,9,3,7,0,4,8,2,6,9,3,7,1,4
       dt 8,2,6,9,3,7,0,4,4,7,1,5,8,2,5,9,2,6,9,3,6,0,3,6,0,3,7,0
       dt 3,7,0,3,6,0,3,6,9,3,6,9,2,5,8,2,5,8,1,4,7,0,3,6,9,2,5,8
       dt 1,4,7,0,3,5,8,1,4,7,0,2,5,8,1,3,6,9,2,4,7,0,2,5,7,0,3,5
       dt 8,0,3,5,8,0,3,5,8,0,3,5,7,0,2,4,7,9,1,4,6,8,0,3,5

       end
Interested:

Questions:

Comments: