Archimedes Screw
Pumps can be classified by their method of displacement into positive displacement pumps (trap fluid to increase pressure), impulse pumps (trap air to increase pressure), velocity pumps (move water mass to increase pressure), gravity pumps (weight of fluid; ala syphon / Heron's fountain), steam pumps (boil at bottom, distil at top).
Displacement pumps are certainly the most common and can be divide into several types:
Also:
Archimedes Screw
Also:
In a spiral pump, the water is trapped by gravity inside the ever higher
coil of the spiraling pipe and is then pushed out the center. Paddles turn
the spiral. Also:
Commonly found in aquariums (although impeller pumps seem to be making headway) these work by injecting air into the bottom of a vertical tube which is open at both ends and placed with its top sticking up above the water surface and its bottom some depth below the waters surface. The bubbles rise and expand and water is driven up the tube by the ascending bubbles. Water (and air) exit from the top of the tube.
A bubble pump operates most efficiently when the bubbles fill the tube from side to side and are seperated from one another by a slug of water. The maximum diameter tube in which this "slug flow" occurs is given by the following equation (Chisholm, 1983):
where
vf and vg are the specific volumes of the liquid and vapor respectively,
and à (sigma) is the surface tension. Note, for a given fluid in a
tube of diameter greater than that predicted by this equation, slug flow
will never occur.
For water, specific volume is 0.001, air is 0.78
m3/kg^.
Moist air is closer to 0.85. Surface tension of water is 72.8 millinewtons
(mN) per meter at 20 °C (68
°F)^.
Gravity is 9.81
m/s2^.
So 19*sqrt((0.07275*0.001)/(9.81*(1-(0.001/.85)))) meters in inmeters in
inches or ~2 inches?
When used to pump water, 60% of the length of the pump must be submerged and you will need 0.43 psi of air pressure for each foot of water above the outlet of your air tube.
See also: