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CreateWindow info Overview Group

The CreateWindow function creates an overlapped, pop-up, or child window. It specifies the window class, window title, window style, and (optionally) the initial position and size of the window. The function also specifies the window’s parent or owner, if any, and the window’s menu.

HWND CreateWindow(

LPCTSTR lpClassName,

// pointer to registered class name

LPCTSTR lpWindowName,

// pointer to window name

DWORD dwStyle,

// window style

int x,

// horizontal position of window

int y,

// vertical position of window

int nWidth,

// window width

int nHeight,

// window height

HWND hWndParent,

// handle to parent or owner window

HMENU hMenu,

// handle to menu or child-window identifier

HANDLE hInstance,

// handle to application instance

LPVOID lpParam

// pointer to window-creation data

);

Parameters

lpClassName: Points to a null-terminated string or is an integer atom. If this parameter is an atom, it must be a global atom created by a previous call to the GlobalAddAtom function. The atom, a 16-bit value less than 0xC000, must be in the low-order word of lpClassName; the high-order word must be zero.
If lpClassName is a string, it specifies the window class name. The class name can be any name registered with the RegisterClass function or any of the predefined control-class names. For a complete list, see the following Remarks section.
lpWindowName: Points to a null-terminated string that specifies the window name.
dwStyle: Specifies the style of the window being created. This parameter can be a combination of the window styles and control styles listed in the following Remarks section.
x: Specifies the initial horizontal position of the window. For an overlapped or pop-up window, the x parameter is the initial x-coordinate of the window’s upper-left corner, in screen coordinates. For a child window, x is the x-coordinate of the upper-left corner of the window relative to the upper-left corner of the parent window’s client area.
If this parameter is set to CW_USEDEFAULT, Windows selects the default position for the window’s upper-left corner and ignores the y parameter. CW_USEDEFAULT is valid only for overlapped windows; if it is specified for a pop-up or child window, the x and y parameters are set to zero.
y: Specifies the initial vertical position of the window. For an overlapped or pop-up window, the y parameter is the initial y-coordinate of the window’s upper-left corner, in screen coordinates. For a child window, y is the initial y-coordinate of the upper-left corner of the child window relative to the upper-left corner of the parent window’s client area. For a list box, y is the initial y-coordinate of the upper-left corner of the list box’s client area relative to the upper-left corner of the parent window’s client area.
If an overlapped window is created with the WS_VISIBLE style bit set and the x parameter is set to CW_USEDEFAULT, Windows ignores the y parameter.
nWidth: Specifies the width, in device units, of the window. For overlapped windows, nWidth is either the window’s width, in screen coordinates, or CW_USEDEFAULT. If nWidth is CW_USEDEFAULT, Windows selects a default width and height for the window; the default width extends from the initial x-coordinate to the right edge of the screen, and the default height extends from the initial y-coordinate to the top of the icon area. CW_USEDEFAULT is valid only for overlapped windows; if CW_USEDEFAULT is specified for a pop-up or child window, nWidth and nHeight are set to zero.
nHeight: Specifies the height, in device units, of the window. For overlapped windows, nHeight is the window’s height, in screen coordinates. If nWidth is set to CW_USEDEFAULT, Windows ignores nHeight.
hWndParent: Identifies the parent or owner window of the window being created. To create a child window or an owned window, supply a valid window handle. To create a message-only window, supply HWND_MESSAGE or a handle to an existing message-only window. This parameter is optional for pop-up windows.
hMenu: Identifies a menu, or specifies a child-window identifier depending on the window style. For an overlapped or pop-up window, hMenu identifies the menu to be used with the window; it can be NULL if the class menu is to be used. For a child window, hMenu specifies the child-window identifier, an integer value used by a dialog box control to notify its parent about events. The application determines the child-window identifier; it must be unique for all child windows with the same parent window.
hInstance: Identifies the instance of the module to be associated with the window.
lpParam: A pointer to a value to be passed to the window through the CREATESTRUCT structure passed in the lParam parameter the WM_CREATE message. If an application calls CreateWindow to create a multiple document interface (MDI) client window, lpParam must point to a CLIENTCREATESTRUCT structure.

Return Values

If the function succeeds, the return value is the handle to the new window.

If the function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

Remarks

Before returning, CreateWindow sends a WM_CREATE message to the window procedure.

For overlapped, pop-up, and child windows, CreateWindow sends WM_CREATE, WM_GETMINMAXINFO, and WM_NCCREATE messages to the window. The lParam parameter of the WM_CREATE message contains a pointer to a CREATESTRUCT structure. If the WS_VISIBLE style is specified, CreateWindow sends the window all the messages required to activate and show the window.

If the window style specifies a title bar, the window title pointed to by lpWindowName is displayed in the title bar. When using CreateWindow to create controls, such as buttons, check boxes, and static controls, use lpWindowName to specify the text of the control.

If you specify Windows version 4.x when linking your application, its windows cannot have caption buttons unless they also have window menus. This is not a requirement for applications that you linked specifying Windows version 3.x.

The following predefined control classes can be specified in the lpClassName parameter:

Class

Meaning

BUTTON

Designates a small rectangular child window that represents a button the user can click to turn it on or off. Button controls can be used alone or in groups, and they can either be labeled or appear without text. Button controls typically change appearance when the user clicks them.

COMBOBOX

Designates a control consisting of a list box and a selection field similar to an edit control. When using this style, an application should either display the list box at all times or enable a drop-down list box.

Depending on the style of the combo box, the user can or cannot edit the contents of the selection field. If the list box is visible, typing characters into the selection field highlights the first list box entry that matches the characters typed. Conversely, selecting an item in the list box displays the selected text in the selection field.

EDIT

Designates a rectangular child window into which the user can type text from the keyboard. The user selects the control and gives it the keyboard focus by clicking it or moving to it by pressing the TAB key. The user can type text when the edit control displays a flashing caret; use the mouse to move the cursor, select characters to be replaced, or position the cursor for inserting characters; or use the BACKSPACE key to delete characters.

Edit controls use the variable-pitch system font and display characters from the ANSI character set. The WM_SETFONT message can also be sent to the edit control to change the default font.

Edit controls expand tab characters into as many space characters as are required to move the caret to the next tab stop. Tab stops are assumed to be at every eighth character position.

LISTBOX

Designates a list of character strings. Specify this control whenever an application must present a list of names, such as filenames, from which the user can choose. The user can select a string by clicking it. A selected string is highlighted, and a notification message is passed to the parent window. Use a vertical or horizontal scroll bar with a list box to scroll lists that are too long for the control window. The list box automatically hides or shows the scroll bar, as needed.

MDICLIENT

Designates an MDI client window. This window receives messages that control the MDI application’s child windows. The recommended style bits are WS_CLIPCHILDREN and WS_CHILD. Specify the WS_HSCROLL and WS_VSCROLL styles to create an MDI client window that allows the user to scroll MDI child windows into view.

SCROLLBAR

Designates a rectangle that contains a scroll box and has direction arrows at both ends. The scroll bar sends a notification message to its parent window whenever the user clicks the control. The parent window is responsible for updating the position of the scroll box, if necessary. Scroll bar controls have the same appearance and function as scroll bars used in ordinary windows. Unlike scroll bars, however, scroll bar controls can be positioned anywhere in a window for use whenever scrolling input is needed for a window.

The scroll bar class also includes size box controls. A size box is a small rectangle the user can expand to change the size of the window.

STATIC

Designates a simple text field, box, or rectangle used to label, box, or separate other controls. Static controls take no input and provide no output.

The following window styles can be specified in the dwStyle parameter:

Style

Meaning

WS_BORDER

Creates a window that has a thin-line border.

WS_CAPTION

Creates a window that has a title bar (includes the WS_BORDER style).

WS_CHILD

Creates a child window. This style cannot be used with the WS_POPUP style.

WS_CHILDWINDOW

Same as the WS_CHILD style.

WS_CLIPCHILDREN

Excludes the area occupied by child windows when drawing occurs within the parent window. This style is used when creating the parent window.

WS_CLIPSIBLINGS

Clips child windows relative to each other; that is, when a particular child window receives a WM_PAINT message, the WS_CLIPSIBLINGS style clips all other overlapping child windows out of the region of the child window to be updated. If WS_CLIPSIBLINGS is not specified and child windows overlap, it is possible, when drawing within the client area of a child window, to draw within the client area of a neighboring child window.

WS_DISABLED

Creates a window that is initially disabled. A disabled window cannot receive input from the user.

WS_DLGFRAME

Creates a window that has a border of a style typically used with dialog boxes. A window with this style cannot have a title bar.

WS_GROUP

Specifies the first control of a group of controls. The group consists of this first control and all controls defined after it, up to the next control with the WS_GROUP style. The first control in each group usually has the WS_TABSTOP style so that the user can move from group to group. The user can subsequently change the keyboard focus from one control in the group to the next control in the group by using the direction keys.

WS_HSCROLL

Creates a window that has a horizontal scroll bar.

WS_ICONIC

Creates a window that is initially minimized. Same as the WS_MINIMIZE style.

WS_MAXIMIZE

Creates a window that is initially maximized.

WS_MAXIMIZEBOX

Creates a window that has a Maximize button. Cannot be combined with the WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP style. The WS_SYSMENU style must also be specified.

WS_MINIMIZE

Creates a window that is initially minimized. Same as the WS_ICONIC style.

WS_MINIMIZEBOX

Creates a window that has a Minimize button. Cannot be combined with the WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP style. The WS_SYSMENU style must also be specified.

WS_OVERLAPPED

Creates an overlapped window. An overlapped window has a title bar and a border. Same as the WS_TILED style.

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW

Creates an overlapped window with the WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU, WS_THICKFRAME, WS_MINIMIZEBOX, and WS_MAXIMIZEBOX styles. Same as the WS_TILEDWINDOW style.

WS_POPUP

Creates a pop-up window. This style cannot be used with the WS_CHILD style.

WS_POPUPWINDOW

Creates a pop-up window with WS_BORDER, WS_POPUP, and WS_SYSMENU styles. The WS_CAPTION and WS_POPUPWINDOW styles must be combined to make the window menu visible.

WS_SIZEBOX

Creates a window that has a sizing border. Same as the WS_THICKFRAME style.

WS_SYSMENU

Creates a window that has a window-menu on its title bar. The WS_CAPTION style must also be specified.

WS_TABSTOP

Specifies a control that can receive the keyboard focus when the user presses the TAB key. Pressing the TAB key changes the keyboard focus to the next control with the WS_TABSTOP style.

WS_THICKFRAME

Creates a window that has a sizing border. Same as the WS_SIZEBOX style.

WS_TILED

Creates an overlapped window. An overlapped window has a title bar and a border. Same as the WS_OVERLAPPED style.

WS_TILEDWINDOW

Creates an overlapped window with the WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU, WS_THICKFRAME, WS_MINIMIZEBOX, and WS_MAXIMIZEBOX styles. Same as the WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW style.

WS_VISIBLE

Creates a window that is initially visible.

WS_VSCROLL

Creates a window that has a vertical scroll bar.

The following button styles (in the BUTTON class) can be specified in the dwStyle parameter:

Style

Meaning

BS_3STATE

Creates a button that is the same as a check box, except that the box can be grayed as well as checked or unchecked. Use the grayed state to show that the state of the check box is not determined.

BS_AUTO3STATE

Creates a button that is the same as a three-state check box, except that the box changes its state when the user selects it. The state cycles through checked, grayed, and unchecked.

BS_AUTOCHECKBOX

Creates a button that is the same as a check box, except that the check state automatically toggles between checked and unchecked each time the user selects the check box.

BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON

Creates a button that is the same as a radio button, except that when the user selects it, Windows automatically sets the button’s check state to checked and automatically sets the check state for all other buttons in the same group to unchecked.

BS_CHECKBOX

Creates a small, empty check box with text. By default, the text is displayed to the right of the check box. To display the text to the left of the check box, combine this flag with the BS_LEFTTEXT style (or with the equivalent BS_RIGHTBUTTON style).

BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON

Creates a push button that behaves like a BS_PUSHBUTTON style button, but also has a heavy black border. If the button is in a dialog box, the user can select the button by pressing the ENTER key, even when the button does not have the input focus. This style is useful for enabling the user to quickly select the most likely (default) option.

BS_GROUPBOX

Creates a rectangle in which other controls can be grouped. Any text associated with this style is displayed in the rectangle’s upper left corner.

BS_LEFTTEXT

Places text on the left side of the radio button or check box when combined with a radio button or check box style. Same as the BS_RIGHTBUTTON style.

BS_OWNERDRAW

Creates an owner-drawn button. The owner window receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message when the button is created and a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect of the button has changed. Do not combine the BS_OWNERDRAW style with any other button styles.

BS_PUSHBUTTON

Creates a push button that posts a WM_COMMAND message to the owner window when the user selects the button.

BS_RADIOBUTTON

Creates a small circle with text. By default, the text is displayed to the right of the circle. To display the text to the left of the circle, combine this flag with the BS_LEFTTEXT style (or with the equivalent BS_RIGHTBUTTON style). Use radio buttons for groups of related, but mutually exclusive choices.

BS_USERBUTTON

Obsolete, but provided for compatibility with 16-bit versions of Windows. Win32-based applications should use BS_OWNERDRAW instead.

BS_BITMAP

Specifies that the button displays a bitmap.

BS_BOTTOM

Places text at the bottom of the button rectangle.

BS_CENTER

Centers text horizontally in the button rectangle.

BS_ICON

Specifies that the button displays an icon.

BS_LEFT

Left-justifies the text in the button rectangle. However, if the button is a check box or radio button that does not have the BS_RIGHTBUTTON style, the text is left justified on the right side of the check box or radio button.

BS_MULTILINE

Wraps the button text to multiple lines if the text string is too long to fit on a single line in the button rectangle.

BS_NOTIFY

Enables a button to send BN_DBLCLK, BN_KILLFOCUS, and BN_SETFOCUS notification messages to its parent window. Note that buttons send the BN_CLICKED notification message regardless of whether it has this style.

BS_PUSHLIKE

Makes a button (such as a check box, three-state check box, or radio button) look and act like a push button. The button looks raised when it isn’t pushed or checked, and sunken when it is pushed or checked.

BS_RIGHT

Right-justifies text in the button rectangle. However, if the button is a check box or radio button that does not have the BS_RIGHTBUTTON style, the text is right justified on the right side of the check box or radio button.

BS_RIGHTBUTTON

Positions a radio button’s circle or a check box’s square on the right side of the button rectangle. Same as the BS_LEFTTEXT style.

BS_TEXT

Specifies that the button displays text.

BS_TOP

Places text at the top of the button rectangle.

BS_VCENTER

Places text in the middle (vertically) of the button rectangle.

The following combo box styles (in the COMBOBOX class) can be specified in the dwStyle parameter:

Style

Meaning

CBS_AUTOHSCROLL

Automatically scrolls the text in an edit control to the right when the user types a character at the end of the line. If this style is not set, only text that fits within the rectangular boundary is allowed.

CBS_DISABLENOSCROLL

Shows a disabled vertical scroll bar in the list box when the box does not contain enough items to scroll. Without this style, the scroll bar is hidden when the list box does not contain enough items.

CBS_DROPDOWN

Similar to CBS_SIMPLE, except that the list box is not displayed unless the user selects an icon next to the edit control.

CBS_DROPDOWNLIST

Similar to CBS_DROPDOWN, except that the edit control is replaced by a static text item that displays the current selection in the list box.

CBS_HASSTRINGS

Specifies that an owner-drawn combo box contains items consisting of strings. The combo box maintains the memory and address for the strings, so the application can use the CB_GETLBTEXT message to retrieve the text for a particular item.

CBS_LOWERCASE

Converts to lowercase any uppercase characters entered into the edit control of a combo box.

CBS_NOINTEGRALHEIGHT

Specifies that the size of the combo box is exactly the size specified by the application when it created the combo box. Normally, Windows sizes a combo box so that it does not display partial items.

CBS_OEMCONVERT

Converts text entered in the combo box edit control. The text is converted from the Windows character set to the OEM character set and then back to the Windows set. This ensures proper character conversion when the application calls the CharToOem function to convert a Windows string in the combo box to OEM characters. This style is most useful for combo boxes that contain filenames and applies only to combo boxes created with the CBS_SIMPLE or CBS_DROPDOWN style.

CBS_OWNERDRAWFIXED

Specifies that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and that the items in the list box are all the same height. The owner window receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message when the combo box is created and a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect of the combo box has changed.

CBS_OWNERDRAWVARIABLE

Specifies that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and that the items in the list box are variable in height. The owner window receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message for each item in the combo box when you create the combo box; the owner window receives a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect of the combo box has changed.

CBS_SIMPLE

Displays the list box at all times. The current selection in the list box is displayed in the edit control.

CBS_SORT

Automatically sorts strings entered into the list box.

CBS_UPPERCASE

Converts to uppercase any lowercase characters entered into the edit control of a combo box.

The following edit control styles (in the EDIT class) can be specified in the dwStyle parameter:

Style

Meaning

ES_AUTOHSCROLL

Automatically scrolls text to the right by 10 characters when the user types a character at the end of the line. When the user presses the ENTER key, the control scrolls all text back to position zero.

ES_AUTOVSCROLL

Automatically scrolls text up one page when the user presses the ENTER key on the last line.

ES_CENTER

Centers text in a multiline edit control.

ES_LEFT

Left-aligns text.

ES_LOWERCASE

Converts all characters to lowercase as they are typed into the edit control.

ES_MULTILINE

Designates a multiline edit control. The default is single-line edit control.

When the multiline edit control is in a dialog box, the default response to pressing the ENTER key is to activate the default button. To use the ENTER key as a carriage return, use the ES_WANTRETURN style.

When the multiline edit control is not in a dialog box and the ES_AUTOVSCROLL style is specified, the edit control shows as many lines as possible and scrolls vertically when the user presses the ENTER key. If you do not specify ES_AUTOVSCROLL, the edit control shows as many lines as possible and beeps if the user presses the ENTER key when no more lines can be displayed.

If you specify the ES_AUTOHSCROLL style, the multiline edit control automatically scrolls horizontally when the caret goes past the right edge of the control. To start a new line, the user must press the ENTER key. If you do not specify ES_AUTOHSCROLL, the control automatically wraps words to the beginning of the next line when necessary. A new line is also started if the user presses the ENTER key. The window size determines the position of the word wrap. If the window size changes, the word wrapping position changes and the text is redisplayed.

Multiline edit controls can have scroll bars. An edit control with scroll bars processes its own scroll bar messages. Note that edit controls without scroll bars scroll as described in the previous paragraphs and process any scroll messages sent by the parent window.

ES_NOHIDESEL

Negates the default behavior for an edit control. The default behavior hides the selection when the control loses the input focus and inverts the selection when the control receives the input focus. If you specify ES_NOHIDESEL, the selected text is inverted, even if the control does not have the focus.

ES_NUMBER

Allows only digits to be entered into the edit control.

ES_OEMCONVERT

Converts text entered in the edit control. The text is converted from the Windows character set to the OEM character set and then back to the Windows set. This ensures proper character conversion when the application calls the CharToOem function to convert a Windows string in the edit control to OEM characters. This style is most useful for edit controls that contain filenames.

ES_PASSWORD

Displays an asterisk (*) for each character typed into the edit control. You can use the EM_SETPASSWORDCHAR message to change the character that is displayed.

ES_READONLY

Prevents the user from typing or editing text in the edit control.

ES_RIGHT

Right-aligns text in a multiline edit control.

ES_UPPERCASE

Converts all characters to uppercase as they are typed into the edit control.

ES_WANTRETURN

Specifies that a carriage return be inserted when the user presses the ENTER key while entering text into a multiline edit control in a dialog box. If you do not specify this style, pressing the ENTER key has the same effect as pressing the dialog box’s default push button. This style has no effect on a single-line edit control.

The following list box control styles (in the LISTBOX class) can be specified in the dwStyle parameter:

Style

Meaning

LBS_DISABLENOSCROLL

Shows a disabled vertical scroll bar for the list box when the box does not contain enough items to scroll. If you do not specify this style, the scroll bar is hidden when the list box does not contain enough items.

LBS_EXTENDEDSEL

Allows multiple items to be selected by using the SHIFT key and the mouse or special key combinations.

LBS_HASSTRINGS

Specifies that a list box contains items consisting of strings. The list box maintains the memory and addresses for the strings so the application can use the LB_GETTEXT message to retrieve the text for a particular item. By default, all list boxes except owner-drawn list boxes have this style. You can create an owner-drawn list box either with or without this style.

LBS_MULTICOLUMN

Specifies a multicolumn list box that is scrolled horizontally. The LB_SETCOLUMNWIDTH message sets the width of the columns.

LBS_MULTIPLESEL

Turns string selection on or off each time the user clicks or double-clicks a string in the list box. The user can select any number of strings.

LBS_NODATA

Specifies a no-data list box. Specify this style when the count of items in the list box will exceed one thousand. A no-data list box must also have the LBS_OWNERDRAWFIXED style, but must not have the LBS_SORT or LBS_HASSTRINGS style.

A no-data list box resembles an owner-drawn list box except that it contains no string or bitmap data for an item. Commands to add, insert, or delete an item always ignore any given item data; requests to find a string within the list box always fail. Windows sends the WM_DRAWITEM message to the owner window when an item must be drawn. The itemID member of the DRAWITEMSTRUCT structure passed with the WM_DRAWITEM message specifies the line number of the item to be drawn. A no-data list box does not send a WM_DELETEITEM message.

LBS_NOINTEGRALHEIGHT

Specifies that the size of the list box is exactly the size specified by the application when it created the list box. Normally, Windows sizes a list box so that the list box does not display partial items.

LBS_NOREDRAW

Specifies that the list box’s appearance is not updated when changes are made. You can change this style at any time by sending a WM_SETREDRAW message.

LBS_NOSEL

Specifies that the list box contains items that can be viewed but not selected.

LBS_NOTIFY

Notifies the parent window with an input message whenever the user clicks or double-clicks a string in the list box.

LBS_OWNERDRAWFIXED

Specifies that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and that the items in the list box are the same height. The owner window receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message when the list box is created and a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect of the list box has changed.

LBS_OWNERDRAWVARIABLE

Specifies that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and that the items in the list box are variable in height. The owner window receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message for each item in the combo box when the combo box is created and a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect of the combo box has changed.

LBS_SORT

Sorts strings in the list box alphabetically.

LBS_STANDARD

Sorts strings in the list box alphabetically. The parent window receives an input message whenever the user clicks or double-clicks a string. The list box has borders on all sides.

LBS_USETABSTOPS

Enables a list box to recognize and expand tab characters when drawing its strings. You can use the LB_SETTABSTOPS message to specify tab stop positions. The default tab positions are 32 dialog template units apart. Dialog template units are the device-independent units used in dialog box templates. To convert measurements from dialog template units to screen units (pixels), use the MapDialogRect function.

LBS_WANTKEYBOARDINPUT

Specifies that the owner of the list box receives WM_VKEYTOITEM messages whenever the user presses a key and the list box has the input focus. This enables an application to perform special processing on the keyboard input.

The following scroll bar styles (in the SCROLLBAR class) can be specified in the dwStyle parameter:

Style

Meaning

SBS_BOTTOMALIGN

Aligns the bottom edge of the scroll bar with the bottom edge of the rectangle defined by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The scroll bar has the default height for system scroll bars. Use this style with the SBS_HORZ style.

SBS_HORZ

Designates a horizontal scroll bar. If neither the SBS_BOTTOMALIGN nor SBS_TOPALIGN style is specified, the scroll bar has the height, width, and position defined by x, y, nWidth, and nHeight.

SBS_LEFTALIGN

Aligns the left edge of the scroll bar with the left edge of the rectangle defined by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The scroll bar has the default width for system scroll bars. Use this style with the SBS_VERT style.

SBS_RIGHTALIGN

Aligns the right edge of the scroll bar with the right edge of the rectangle defined by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The scroll bar has the default width for system scroll bars. Use this style with the SBS_VERT style.

SBS_SIZEBOX

Designates a size box. If you specify neither the SBS_SIZEBOXBOTTOMRIGHTALIGN nor the SBS_SIZEBOXTOPLEFTALIGN style, the size box has the height, width, and position specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight.

SBS_SIZEBOXBOTTOMRIGHTALIGN

Aligns the lower-right corner of the size box with the lower-right corner of the rectangle specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The size box has the default size for system size boxes. Use this style with the SBS_SIZEBOX style.

SBS_SIZEBOXTOPLEFTALIGN

Aligns the upper-left corner of the size box with the upper-left corner of the rectangle specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The size box has the default size for system size boxes. Use this style with the SBS_SIZEBOX style.

SBS_SIZEGRIP

Same as SBS_SIZEBOX, but with a raised edge.

SBS_TOPALIGN

Aligns the top edge of the scroll bar with the top edge of the rectangle defined by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The scroll bar has the default height for system scroll bars. Use this style with the SBS_HORZ style.

SBS_VERT

Designates a vertical scroll bar. If you specify neither the SBS_RIGHTALIGN nor the SBS_LEFTALIGN style, the scroll bar has the height, width, and position specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight.

The following static control styles (in the STATIC class) can be specified in the dwStyle parameter. A static control can have only one of these styles:

Style

Description

SS_BITMAP

Specifies a bitmap is to be displayed in the static control. The error code text is the name of a bitmap (not a filename) defined elsewhere in the resource file. The style ignores the nWidth and nHeight parameters; the control automatically sizes itself to accommodate the bitmap.

SS_BLACKFRAME

Specifies a box with a frame drawn in the same color as the window frames. This color is black in the default Windows color scheme.

SS_BLACKRECT

Specifies a rectangle filled with the current window frame color. This color is black in the default Windows color scheme.

SS_CENTER

Specifies a simple rectangle and centers the error code text in the rectangle. The text is formatted before it is displayed. Words that extend past the end of a line are automatically wrapped to the beginning of the next centered line.

SS_CENTERIMAGE

Specifies that the midpoint of a static control with the SS_BITMAP or SS_ICON style is to remain fixed when the control is resized. The four sides are adjusted to accommodate a new bitmap or icon.
If a static control has the SS_BITMAP style and the bitmap is smaller than the control’s client area, the client area is filled with the color of the pixel in the upper-left corner of the bitmap. If a static control has the SS_ICON style, the icon does not appear to paint the client area.

SS_GRAYFRAME

Specifies a box with a frame drawn with the same color as the screen background (desktop). This color is gray in the default Windows color scheme.

SS_GRAYRECT

Specifies a rectangle filled with the current screen background color. This color is gray in the default Windows color scheme.

SS_ICON

Specifies an icon displayed in the dialog box. The given text is the name of an icon (not a filename) defined elsewhere in the resource file. The style ignores the nWidth and nHeight parameters; the icon automatically sizes itself.

SS_LEFT

Specifies a simple rectangle and left-aligns the given text in the rectangle. The text is formatted before it is displayed. Words that extend past the end of a line are automatically wrapped to the beginning of the next left-aligned line.

SS_LEFTNOWORDWRAP

Specifies a simple rectangle and left-aligns the given text in the rectangle. Tabs are expanded but words are not wrapped. Text that extends past the end of a line is clipped.

SS_METAPICT

Specifies a metafile picture is to be displayed in the static control. The given text is the name of a metafile picture (not a filename) defined elsewhere in the resource file. A metafile static control has a fixed size; the metafile picture is scaled to fit the static control’s client area.

SS_NOPREFIX

Prevents interpretation of any ampersand (&) characters in the control’s text as accelerator prefix characters. These are displayed with the ampersand removed and the next character in the string underlined. This static control style may be included with any of the defined static controls.

An application can combine SS_NOPREFIX with other styles by using the bitwise OR (|) operator. This can be useful when filenames or other strings that may contain an ampersand (&) must be displayed in a static control in a dialog box.

SS_NOTIFY

Sends the parent window STN_CLICKED and STN_DBLCLK notification messages when the user clicks or double clicks the control.

SS_RIGHT

Specifies a simple rectangle and right-aligns the given text in the rectangle. The text is formatted before it is displayed. Words that extend past the end of a line are automatically wrapped to the beginning of the next right-aligned line.

SS_RIGHTIMAGE

Specifies that the bottom-right corner of a static control with the SS_BITMAP or SS_ICON style is to remain fixed when the control is resized. Only the top and left sides are adjusted to accommodate a new bitmap or icon.

SS_SIMPLE

Specifies a simple rectangle and displays a single line of left-aligned text in the rectangle. The text line cannot be shortened or altered in any way. The control’s parent window or dialog box must not process the WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC message.

SS_WHITEFRAME

Specifies a box with a frame drawn with the same color as the window backgrounds. This color is white in the default Windows color scheme.

SS_WHITERECT

Specifies a rectangle filled with the current window background color. This color is white in the default Windows color scheme.

The following dialog box styles can be specified in the dwStyle parameter:

Style

Meaning

DS_3DLOOK

Gives the dialog box a nonbold font and draws three-dimensional borders around control windows in the dialog box.
The DS_3DLOOK style is required only by Win32-based applications compiled for versions of Windows earlier than Windows 95 or Windows NT 4.0. The system automatically applies the three-dimensional look to dialog boxes created by applications compiled for current versions of Windows.

DS_ABSALIGN

Indicates that the coordinates of the dialog box are screen coordinates; otherwise, Windows assumes they are client coordinates.

DS_CENTER

Centers the dialog box in the working area; that is, the area not obscured by the tray.

DS_CENTERMOUSE

Centers the mouse cursor in the dialog box.

DS_CONTEXTHELP

Includes a question mark in the title bar of the dialog box. When the user clicks the question mark, the cursor changes to a question mark with a pointer. If the user then clicks a control in the dialog box, the control receives a WM_HELP message. The control should pass the message to the dialog procedure, which should call the WinHelp function using the HELP_WM_HELP command. The Help application displays a pop-up window that typically contains help for the control.
Note that DS_CONTEXTHELP is just a placeholder. When the dialog box is created, the system checks for DS_CONTEXTHELP and, if it is there, adds WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP to the extended style of the dialog box. WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP cannot be used with the WS_MAXIMIZEBOX or WS_MINIMIZEBOX styles.

DS_CONTROL

Creates a dialog box that works well as a child window of another dialog box, much like a page in a property sheet. This style allows the user to tab among the control windows of a child dialog box, use its accelerator keys, and so on.

DS_FIXEDSYS

Use SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT instead of SYSTEM_FONT.

DS_LOCALEDIT

Applies to 16-bit applications only. This style directs edit controls in the dialog box to allocate memory from the application’s data segment. Otherwise, edit controls allocate storage from a global memory object.

DS_MODALFRAME

Creates a dialog box with a modal dialog-box frame that can be combined with a title bar and window menu by specifying the WS_CAPTION and WS_SYSMENU styles.

DS_NOFAILCREATE

Creates the dialog box even if errors occur ¾ for example, if a child window cannot be created or if the system cannot create a special data segment for an edit control.

DS_NOIDLEMSG

Suppresses WM_ENTERIDLE messages that Windows would otherwise send to the owner of the dialog box while the dialog box is displayed.

DS_RECURSE

Dialog box style for control-like dialog boxes.

DS_SETFONT

Indicates that the dialog box template (the DLGTEMPLATE structure) contains two additional members specifying a font name and point size. The corresponding font is used to display text within the dialog box client area and within the dialog box controls. Windows passes the handle of the font to the dialog box and to each control by sending them the WM_SETFONT message.

DS_SETFOREGROUND

Does not apply to 16-bit versions of Microsoft Windows. This style brings the dialog box to the foreground. Internally, Windows calls the SetForegroundWindow function for the dialog box.

DS_SYSMODAL

Creates a system-modal dialog box. This style causes the dialog box to have the WS_EX_TOPMOST style, but otherwise has no effect on the dialog box or the behavior of other windows in the system when the dialog box is displayed.

Windows 95: The system can support a maximum of 16,364 window handles.

LPCTSTR lpClassName,	// pointer to registered class name
LPCTSTR lpWindowName,	// pointer to window name
DWORD dwStyle,	// window style
int x,	// horizontal position of window
int y,	// vertical position of window
int nWidth,	// window width
int nHeight,	// window height
HWND hWndParent,	// handle to parent or owner window
HMENU hMenu,	// handle to menu or child-window identifier
HANDLE hInstance,	// handle to application instance
LPVOID lpParam	// pointer to window-creation data
);

Class	Meaning
BUTTON	Designates a small rectangular child window that represents a button the user can click to turn it on or off. Button controls can be used alone or in groups, and they can either be labeled or appear without text. Button controls typically change appearance when the user clicks them.
COMBOBOX	Designates a control consisting of a list box and a selection field similar to an edit control. When using this style, an application should either display the list box at all times or enable a drop-down list box.
	Depending on the style of the combo box, the user can or cannot edit the contents of the selection field. If the list box is visible, typing characters into the selection field highlights the first list box entry that matches the characters typed. Conversely, selecting an item in the list box displays the selected text in the selection field.
EDIT	Designates a rectangular child window into which the user can type text from the keyboard. The user selects the control and gives it the keyboard focus by clicking it or moving to it by pressing the TAB key. The user can type text when the edit control displays a flashing caret; use the mouse to move the cursor, select characters to be replaced, or position the cursor for inserting characters; or use the BACKSPACE key to delete characters.
	Edit controls use the variable-pitch system font and display characters from the ANSI character set. The WM_SETFONT message can also be sent to the edit control to change the default font.
	Edit controls expand tab characters into as many space characters as are required to move the caret to the next tab stop. Tab stops are assumed to be at every eighth character position.
LISTBOX	Designates a list of character strings. Specify this control whenever an application must present a list of names, such as filenames, from which the user can choose. The user can select a string by clicking it. A selected string is highlighted, and a notification message is passed to the parent window. Use a vertical or horizontal scroll bar with a list box to scroll lists that are too long for the control window. The list box automatically hides or shows the scroll bar, as needed.
MDICLIENT	Designates an MDI client window. This window receives messages that control the MDI application’s child windows. The recommended style bits are WS_CLIPCHILDREN and WS_CHILD. Specify the WS_HSCROLL and WS_VSCROLL styles to create an MDI client window that allows the user to scroll MDI child windows into view.
SCROLLBAR	Designates a rectangle that contains a scroll box and has direction arrows at both ends. The scroll bar sends a notification message to its parent window whenever the user clicks the control. The parent window is responsible for updating the position of the scroll box, if necessary. Scroll bar controls have the same appearance and function as scroll bars used in ordinary windows. Unlike scroll bars, however, scroll bar controls can be positioned anywhere in a window for use whenever scrolling input is needed for a window.
	The scroll bar class also includes size box controls. A size box is a small rectangle the user can expand to change the size of the window.
STATIC	Designates a simple text field, box, or rectangle used to label, box, or separate other controls. Static controls take no input and provide no output.

Style	Meaning
WS_BORDER	Creates a window that has a thin-line border.
WS_CAPTION	Creates a window that has a title bar (includes the WS_BORDER style).
WS_CHILD	Creates a child window. This style cannot be used with the WS_POPUP style.
WS_CHILDWINDOW	Same as the WS_CHILD style.
WS_CLIPCHILDREN	Excludes the area occupied by child windows when drawing occurs within the parent window. This style is used when creating the parent window.
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS	Clips child windows relative to each other; that is, when a particular child window receives a WM_PAINT message, the WS_CLIPSIBLINGS style clips all other overlapping child windows out of the region of the child window to be updated. If WS_CLIPSIBLINGS is not specified and child windows overlap, it is possible, when drawing within the client area of a child window, to draw within the client area of a neighboring child window.
WS_DISABLED	Creates a window that is initially disabled. A disabled window cannot receive input from the user.
WS_DLGFRAME	Creates a window that has a border of a style typically used with dialog boxes. A window with this style cannot have a title bar.
WS_GROUP	Specifies the first control of a group of controls. The group consists of this first control and all controls defined after it, up to the next control with the WS_GROUP style. The first control in each group usually has the WS_TABSTOP style so that the user can move from group to group. The user can subsequently change the keyboard focus from one control in the group to the next control in the group by using the direction keys.
WS_HSCROLL	Creates a window that has a horizontal scroll bar.
WS_ICONIC	Creates a window that is initially minimized. Same as the WS_MINIMIZE style.
WS_MAXIMIZE	Creates a window that is initially maximized.
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX	Creates a window that has a Maximize button. Cannot be combined with the WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP style. The WS_SYSMENU style must also be specified.
WS_MINIMIZE	Creates a window that is initially minimized. Same as the WS_ICONIC style.
WS_MINIMIZEBOX	Creates a window that has a Minimize button. Cannot be combined with the WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP style. The WS_SYSMENU style must also be specified.
WS_OVERLAPPED	Creates an overlapped window. An overlapped window has a title bar and a border. Same as the WS_TILED style.
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW	Creates an overlapped window with the WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU, WS_THICKFRAME, WS_MINIMIZEBOX, and WS_MAXIMIZEBOX styles. Same as the WS_TILEDWINDOW style.
WS_POPUP	Creates a pop-up window. This style cannot be used with the WS_CHILD style.
WS_POPUPWINDOW	Creates a pop-up window with WS_BORDER, WS_POPUP, and WS_SYSMENU styles. The WS_CAPTION and WS_POPUPWINDOW styles must be combined to make the window menu visible.
WS_SIZEBOX	Creates a window that has a sizing border. Same as the WS_THICKFRAME style.
WS_SYSMENU	Creates a window that has a window-menu on its title bar. The WS_CAPTION style must also be specified.
WS_TABSTOP	Specifies a control that can receive the keyboard focus when the user presses the TAB key. Pressing the TAB key changes the keyboard focus to the next control with the WS_TABSTOP style.
WS_THICKFRAME	Creates a window that has a sizing border. Same as the WS_SIZEBOX style.
WS_TILED	Creates an overlapped window. An overlapped window has a title bar and a border. Same as the WS_OVERLAPPED style.
WS_TILEDWINDOW	Creates an overlapped window with the WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU, WS_THICKFRAME, WS_MINIMIZEBOX, and WS_MAXIMIZEBOX styles. Same as the WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW style.
WS_VISIBLE	Creates a window that is initially visible.
WS_VSCROLL	Creates a window that has a vertical scroll bar.

Style	Meaning
BS_3STATE	Creates a button that is the same as a check box, except that the box can be grayed as well as checked or unchecked. Use the grayed state to show that the state of the check box is not determined.
BS_AUTO3STATE	Creates a button that is the same as a three-state check box, except that the box changes its state when the user selects it. The state cycles through checked, grayed, and unchecked.
BS_AUTOCHECKBOX	Creates a button that is the same as a check box, except that the check state automatically toggles between checked and unchecked each time the user selects the check box.
BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON	Creates a button that is the same as a radio button, except that when the user selects it, Windows automatically sets the button’s check state to checked and automatically sets the check state for all other buttons in the same group to unchecked.
BS_CHECKBOX	Creates a small, empty check box with text. By default, the text is displayed to the right of the check box. To display the text to the left of the check box, combine this flag with the BS_LEFTTEXT style (or with the equivalent BS_RIGHTBUTTON style).
BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON	Creates a push button that behaves like a BS_PUSHBUTTON style button, but also has a heavy black border. If the button is in a dialog box, the user can select the button by pressing the ENTER key, even when the button does not have the input focus. This style is useful for enabling the user to quickly select the most likely (default) option.
BS_GROUPBOX	Creates a rectangle in which other controls can be grouped. Any text associated with this style is displayed in the rectangle’s upper left corner.
BS_LEFTTEXT	Places text on the left side of the radio button or check box when combined with a radio button or check box style. Same as the BS_RIGHTBUTTON style.
BS_OWNERDRAW	Creates an owner-drawn button. The owner window receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message when the button is created and a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect of the button has changed. Do not combine the BS_OWNERDRAW style with any other button styles.
BS_PUSHBUTTON	Creates a push button that posts a WM_COMMAND message to the owner window when the user selects the button.
BS_RADIOBUTTON	Creates a small circle with text. By default, the text is displayed to the right of the circle. To display the text to the left of the circle, combine this flag with the BS_LEFTTEXT style (or with the equivalent BS_RIGHTBUTTON style). Use radio buttons for groups of related, but mutually exclusive choices.
BS_USERBUTTON	Obsolete, but provided for compatibility with 16-bit versions of Windows. Win32-based applications should use BS_OWNERDRAW instead.
BS_BITMAP	Specifies that the button displays a bitmap.
BS_BOTTOM	Places text at the bottom of the button rectangle.
BS_CENTER	Centers text horizontally in the button rectangle.
BS_ICON	Specifies that the button displays an icon.
BS_LEFT	Left-justifies the text in the button rectangle. However, if the button is a check box or radio button that does not have the BS_RIGHTBUTTON style, the text is left justified on the right side of the check box or radio button.
BS_MULTILINE	Wraps the button text to multiple lines if the text string is too long to fit on a single line in the button rectangle.
BS_NOTIFY	Enables a button to send BN_DBLCLK, BN_KILLFOCUS, and BN_SETFOCUS notification messages to its parent window. Note that buttons send the BN_CLICKED notification message regardless of whether it has this style.
BS_PUSHLIKE	Makes a button (such as a check box, three-state check box, or radio button) look and act like a push button. The button looks raised when it isn’t pushed or checked, and sunken when it is pushed or checked.
BS_RIGHT	Right-justifies text in the button rectangle. However, if the button is a check box or radio button that does not have the BS_RIGHTBUTTON style, the text is right justified on the right side of the check box or radio button.
BS_RIGHTBUTTON	Positions a radio button’s circle or a check box’s square on the right side of the button rectangle. Same as the BS_LEFTTEXT style.
BS_TEXT	Specifies that the button displays text.
BS_TOP	Places text at the top of the button rectangle.
BS_VCENTER	Places text in the middle (vertically) of the button rectangle.

Style	Meaning
CBS_AUTOHSCROLL	Automatically scrolls the text in an edit control to the right when the user types a character at the end of the line. If this style is not set, only text that fits within the rectangular boundary is allowed.
CBS_DISABLENOSCROLL	Shows a disabled vertical scroll bar in the list box when the box does not contain enough items to scroll. Without this style, the scroll bar is hidden when the list box does not contain enough items.
CBS_DROPDOWN	Similar to CBS_SIMPLE, except that the list box is not displayed unless the user selects an icon next to the edit control.
CBS_DROPDOWNLIST	Similar to CBS_DROPDOWN, except that the edit control is replaced by a static text item that displays the current selection in the list box.
CBS_HASSTRINGS	Specifies that an owner-drawn combo box contains items consisting of strings. The combo box maintains the memory and address for the strings, so the application can use the CB_GETLBTEXT message to retrieve the text for a particular item.
CBS_LOWERCASE	Converts to lowercase any uppercase characters entered into the edit control of a combo box.
CBS_NOINTEGRALHEIGHT	Specifies that the size of the combo box is exactly the size specified by the application when it created the combo box. Normally, Windows sizes a combo box so that it does not display partial items.
CBS_OEMCONVERT	Converts text entered in the combo box edit control. The text is converted from the Windows character set to the OEM character set and then back to the Windows set. This ensures proper character conversion when the application calls the CharToOem function to convert a Windows string in the combo box to OEM characters. This style is most useful for combo boxes that contain filenames and applies only to combo boxes created with the CBS_SIMPLE or CBS_DROPDOWN style.
CBS_OWNERDRAWFIXED	Specifies that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and that the items in the list box are all the same height. The owner window receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message when the combo box is created and a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect of the combo box has changed.
CBS_OWNERDRAWVARIABLE	Specifies that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and that the items in the list box are variable in height. The owner window receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message for each item in the combo box when you create the combo box; the owner window receives a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect of the combo box has changed.
CBS_SIMPLE	Displays the list box at all times. The current selection in the list box is displayed in the edit control.
CBS_SORT	Automatically sorts strings entered into the list box.
CBS_UPPERCASE	Converts to uppercase any lowercase characters entered into the edit control of a combo box.

Style	Meaning
ES_AUTOHSCROLL	Automatically scrolls text to the right by 10 characters when the user types a character at the end of the line. When the user presses the ENTER key, the control scrolls all text back to position zero.
ES_AUTOVSCROLL	Automatically scrolls text up one page when the user presses the ENTER key on the last line.
ES_CENTER	Centers text in a multiline edit control.
ES_LEFT	Left-aligns text.
ES_LOWERCASE	Converts all characters to lowercase as they are typed into the edit control.
ES_MULTILINE	Designates a multiline edit control. The default is single-line edit control.
	When the multiline edit control is in a dialog box, the default response to pressing the ENTER key is to activate the default button. To use the ENTER key as a carriage return, use the ES_WANTRETURN style.
	When the multiline edit control is not in a dialog box and the ES_AUTOVSCROLL style is specified, the edit control shows as many lines as possible and scrolls vertically when the user presses the ENTER key. If you do not specify ES_AUTOVSCROLL, the edit control shows as many lines as possible and beeps if the user presses the ENTER key when no more lines can be displayed.
	If you specify the ES_AUTOHSCROLL style, the multiline edit control automatically scrolls horizontally when the caret goes past the right edge of the control. To start a new line, the user must press the ENTER key. If you do not specify ES_AUTOHSCROLL, the control automatically wraps words to the beginning of the next line when necessary. A new line is also started if the user presses the ENTER key. The window size determines the position of the word wrap. If the window size changes, the word wrapping position changes and the text is redisplayed.
	Multiline edit controls can have scroll bars. An edit control with scroll bars processes its own scroll bar messages. Note that edit controls without scroll bars scroll as described in the previous paragraphs and process any scroll messages sent by the parent window.
ES_NOHIDESEL	Negates the default behavior for an edit control. The default behavior hides the selection when the control loses the input focus and inverts the selection when the control receives the input focus. If you specify ES_NOHIDESEL, the selected text is inverted, even if the control does not have the focus.
ES_NUMBER	Allows only digits to be entered into the edit control.
ES_OEMCONVERT	Converts text entered in the edit control. The text is converted from the Windows character set to the OEM character set and then back to the Windows set. This ensures proper character conversion when the application calls the CharToOem function to convert a Windows string in the edit control to OEM characters. This style is most useful for edit controls that contain filenames.
ES_PASSWORD	Displays an asterisk (*) for each character typed into the edit control. You can use the EM_SETPASSWORDCHAR message to change the character that is displayed.
ES_READONLY	Prevents the user from typing or editing text in the edit control.
ES_RIGHT	Right-aligns text in a multiline edit control.
ES_UPPERCASE	Converts all characters to uppercase as they are typed into the edit control.
ES_WANTRETURN	Specifies that a carriage return be inserted when the user presses the ENTER key while entering text into a multiline edit control in a dialog box. If you do not specify this style, pressing the ENTER key has the same effect as pressing the dialog box’s default push button. This style has no effect on a single-line edit control.

Style	Meaning
LBS_DISABLENOSCROLL	Shows a disabled vertical scroll bar for the list box when the box does not contain enough items to scroll. If you do not specify this style, the scroll bar is hidden when the list box does not contain enough items.
LBS_EXTENDEDSEL	Allows multiple items to be selected by using the SHIFT key and the mouse or special key combinations.
LBS_HASSTRINGS	Specifies that a list box contains items consisting of strings. The list box maintains the memory and addresses for the strings so the application can use the LB_GETTEXT message to retrieve the text for a particular item. By default, all list boxes except owner-drawn list boxes have this style. You can create an owner-drawn list box either with or without this style.
LBS_MULTICOLUMN	Specifies a multicolumn list box that is scrolled horizontally. The LB_SETCOLUMNWIDTH message sets the width of the columns.
LBS_MULTIPLESEL	Turns string selection on or off each time the user clicks or double-clicks a string in the list box. The user can select any number of strings.
LBS_NODATA	Specifies a no-data list box. Specify this style when the count of items in the list box will exceed one thousand. A no-data list box must also have the LBS_OWNERDRAWFIXED style, but must not have the LBS_SORT or LBS_HASSTRINGS style.
	A no-data list box resembles an owner-drawn list box except that it contains no string or bitmap data for an item. Commands to add, insert, or delete an item always ignore any given item data; requests to find a string within the list box always fail. Windows sends the WM_DRAWITEM message to the owner window when an item must be drawn. The itemID member of the DRAWITEMSTRUCT structure passed with the WM_DRAWITEM message specifies the line number of the item to be drawn. A no-data list box does not send a WM_DELETEITEM message.
LBS_NOINTEGRALHEIGHT	Specifies that the size of the list box is exactly the size specified by the application when it created the list box. Normally, Windows sizes a list box so that the list box does not display partial items.
LBS_NOREDRAW	Specifies that the list box’s appearance is not updated when changes are made. You can change this style at any time by sending a WM_SETREDRAW message.
LBS_NOSEL	Specifies that the list box contains items that can be viewed but not selected.
LBS_NOTIFY	Notifies the parent window with an input message whenever the user clicks or double-clicks a string in the list box.
LBS_OWNERDRAWFIXED	Specifies that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and that the items in the list box are the same height. The owner window receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message when the list box is created and a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect of the list box has changed.
LBS_OWNERDRAWVARIABLE	Specifies that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and that the items in the list box are variable in height. The owner window receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message for each item in the combo box when the combo box is created and a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect of the combo box has changed.
LBS_SORT	Sorts strings in the list box alphabetically.
LBS_STANDARD	Sorts strings in the list box alphabetically. The parent window receives an input message whenever the user clicks or double-clicks a string. The list box has borders on all sides.
LBS_USETABSTOPS	Enables a list box to recognize and expand tab characters when drawing its strings. You can use the LB_SETTABSTOPS message to specify tab stop positions. The default tab positions are 32 dialog template units apart. Dialog template units are the device-independent units used in dialog box templates. To convert measurements from dialog template units to screen units (pixels), use the MapDialogRect function.
LBS_WANTKEYBOARDINPUT	Specifies that the owner of the list box receives WM_VKEYTOITEM messages whenever the user presses a key and the list box has the input focus. This enables an application to perform special processing on the keyboard input.

Style	Meaning
SBS_BOTTOMALIGN	Aligns the bottom edge of the scroll bar with the bottom edge of the rectangle defined by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The scroll bar has the default height for system scroll bars. Use this style with the SBS_HORZ style.
SBS_HORZ	Designates a horizontal scroll bar. If neither the SBS_BOTTOMALIGN nor SBS_TOPALIGN style is specified, the scroll bar has the height, width, and position defined by x, y, nWidth, and nHeight.
SBS_LEFTALIGN	Aligns the left edge of the scroll bar with the left edge of the rectangle defined by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The scroll bar has the default width for system scroll bars. Use this style with the SBS_VERT style.
SBS_RIGHTALIGN	Aligns the right edge of the scroll bar with the right edge of the rectangle defined by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The scroll bar has the default width for system scroll bars. Use this style with the SBS_VERT style.
SBS_SIZEBOX	Designates a size box. If you specify neither the SBS_SIZEBOXBOTTOMRIGHTALIGN nor the SBS_SIZEBOXTOPLEFTALIGN style, the size box has the height, width, and position specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight.
SBS_SIZEBOXBOTTOMRIGHTALIGN	Aligns the lower-right corner of the size box with the lower-right corner of the rectangle specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The size box has the default size for system size boxes. Use this style with the SBS_SIZEBOX style.
SBS_SIZEBOXTOPLEFTALIGN	Aligns the upper-left corner of the size box with the upper-left corner of the rectangle specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The size box has the default size for system size boxes. Use this style with the SBS_SIZEBOX style.
SBS_SIZEGRIP	Same as SBS_SIZEBOX, but with a raised edge.
SBS_TOPALIGN	Aligns the top edge of the scroll bar with the top edge of the rectangle defined by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The scroll bar has the default height for system scroll bars. Use this style with the SBS_HORZ style.
SBS_VERT	Designates a vertical scroll bar. If you specify neither the SBS_RIGHTALIGN nor the SBS_LEFTALIGN style, the scroll bar has the height, width, and position specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight.

Style	Description
SS_BITMAP	Specifies a bitmap is to be displayed in the static control. The error code text is the name of a bitmap (not a filename) defined elsewhere in the resource file. The style ignores the nWidth and nHeight parameters; the control automatically sizes itself to accommodate the bitmap.
SS_BLACKFRAME	Specifies a box with a frame drawn in the same color as the window frames. This color is black in the default Windows color scheme.
SS_BLACKRECT	Specifies a rectangle filled with the current window frame color. This color is black in the default Windows color scheme.
SS_CENTER	Specifies a simple rectangle and centers the error code text in the rectangle. The text is formatted before it is displayed. Words that extend past the end of a line are automatically wrapped to the beginning of the next centered line.
SS_CENTERIMAGE	Specifies that the midpoint of a static control with the SS_BITMAP or SS_ICON style is to remain fixed when the control is resized. The four sides are adjusted to accommodate a new bitmap or icon. If a static control has the SS_BITMAP style and the bitmap is smaller than the control’s client area, the client area is filled with the color of the pixel in the upper-left corner of the bitmap. If a static control has the SS_ICON style, the icon does not appear to paint the client area.
SS_GRAYFRAME	Specifies a box with a frame drawn with the same color as the screen background (desktop). This color is gray in the default Windows color scheme.
SS_GRAYRECT	Specifies a rectangle filled with the current screen background color. This color is gray in the default Windows color scheme.
SS_ICON	Specifies an icon displayed in the dialog box. The given text is the name of an icon (not a filename) defined elsewhere in the resource file. The style ignores the nWidth and nHeight parameters; the icon automatically sizes itself.
SS_LEFT	Specifies a simple rectangle and left-aligns the given text in the rectangle. The text is formatted before it is displayed. Words that extend past the end of a line are automatically wrapped to the beginning of the next left-aligned line.
SS_LEFTNOWORDWRAP	Specifies a simple rectangle and left-aligns the given text in the rectangle. Tabs are expanded but words are not wrapped. Text that extends past the end of a line is clipped.
SS_METAPICT	Specifies a metafile picture is to be displayed in the static control. The given text is the name of a metafile picture (not a filename) defined elsewhere in the resource file. A metafile static control has a fixed size; the metafile picture is scaled to fit the static control’s client area.
SS_NOPREFIX	Prevents interpretation of any ampersand (&) characters in the control’s text as accelerator prefix characters. These are displayed with the ampersand removed and the next character in the string underlined. This static control style may be included with any of the defined static controls.
	An application can combine SS_NOPREFIX with other styles by using the bitwise OR (\|) operator. This can be useful when filenames or other strings that may contain an ampersand (&) must be displayed in a static control in a dialog box.
SS_NOTIFY	Sends the parent window STN_CLICKED and STN_DBLCLK notification messages when the user clicks or double clicks the control.
SS_RIGHT	Specifies a simple rectangle and right-aligns the given text in the rectangle. The text is formatted before it is displayed. Words that extend past the end of a line are automatically wrapped to the beginning of the next right-aligned line.
SS_RIGHTIMAGE	Specifies that the bottom-right corner of a static control with the SS_BITMAP or SS_ICON style is to remain fixed when the control is resized. Only the top and left sides are adjusted to accommodate a new bitmap or icon.
SS_SIMPLE	Specifies a simple rectangle and displays a single line of left-aligned text in the rectangle. The text line cannot be shortened or altered in any way. The control’s parent window or dialog box must not process the WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC message.
SS_WHITEFRAME	Specifies a box with a frame drawn with the same color as the window backgrounds. This color is white in the default Windows color scheme.
SS_WHITERECT	Specifies a rectangle filled with the current window background color. This color is white in the default Windows color scheme.

Style	Meaning
DS_3DLOOK	Gives the dialog box a nonbold font and draws three-dimensional borders around control windows in the dialog box. The DS_3DLOOK style is required only by Win32-based applications compiled for versions of Windows earlier than Windows 95 or Windows NT 4.0. The system automatically applies the three-dimensional look to dialog boxes created by applications compiled for current versions of Windows.
DS_ABSALIGN	Indicates that the coordinates of the dialog box are screen coordinates; otherwise, Windows assumes they are client coordinates.
DS_CENTER	Centers the dialog box in the working area; that is, the area not obscured by the tray.
DS_CENTERMOUSE	Centers the mouse cursor in the dialog box.
DS_CONTEXTHELP	Includes a question mark in the title bar of the dialog box. When the user clicks the question mark, the cursor changes to a question mark with a pointer. If the user then clicks a control in the dialog box, the control receives a WM_HELP message. The control should pass the message to the dialog procedure, which should call the WinHelp function using the HELP_WM_HELP command. The Help application displays a pop-up window that typically contains help for the control. Note that DS_CONTEXTHELP is just a placeholder. When the dialog box is created, the system checks for DS_CONTEXTHELP and, if it is there, adds WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP to the extended style of the dialog box. WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP cannot be used with the WS_MAXIMIZEBOX or WS_MINIMIZEBOX styles.
DS_CONTROL	Creates a dialog box that works well as a child window of another dialog box, much like a page in a property sheet. This style allows the user to tab among the control windows of a child dialog box, use its accelerator keys, and so on.
DS_FIXEDSYS	Use SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT instead of SYSTEM_FONT.
DS_LOCALEDIT	Applies to 16-bit applications only. This style directs edit controls in the dialog box to allocate memory from the application’s data segment. Otherwise, edit controls allocate storage from a global memory object.
DS_MODALFRAME	Creates a dialog box with a modal dialog-box frame that can be combined with a title bar and window menu by specifying the WS_CAPTION and WS_SYSMENU styles.
DS_NOFAILCREATE	Creates the dialog box even if errors occur ¾ for example, if a child window cannot be created or if the system cannot create a special data segment for an edit control.
DS_NOIDLEMSG	Suppresses WM_ENTERIDLE messages that Windows would otherwise send to the owner of the dialog box while the dialog box is displayed.
DS_RECURSE	Dialog box style for control-like dialog boxes.
DS_SETFONT	Indicates that the dialog box template (the DLGTEMPLATE structure) contains two additional members specifying a font name and point size. The corresponding font is used to display text within the dialog box client area and within the dialog box controls. Windows passes the handle of the font to the dialog box and to each control by sending them the WM_SETFONT message.
DS_SETFOREGROUND	Does not apply to 16-bit versions of Microsoft Windows. This style brings the dialog box to the foreground. Internally, Windows calls the SetForegroundWindow function for the dialog box.
DS_SYSMODAL	Creates a system-modal dialog box. This style causes the dialog box to have the WS_EX_TOPMOST style, but otherwise has no effect on the dialog box or the behavior of other windows in the system when the dialog box is displayed.

CreateWindow info Overview Group

Parameters

Return Values

Remarks

See Also