Named in honour of Marcel J. E. Golay, an engineer at Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories at Fort Monmouth, who published a geometric expanation of it's constructon in his 1954 paper "Binary Coding" after being inspired by a paper on Hamming codes by Shannon.
There are two types: Perfect Binary Golay Code which encodes 12 bits of data in 23 bits and the Extended Binary Golay Code which encodes 12 bits in 24.
In mathimatical terms, it is a 12 dimensional space of 24 bit words each seperated from one another by at least eight positions.
(23,12) corrects 3 errors while detecting 4 or detects 7 without correcting any, (24,12) corrects 4
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