Received: from PCH.mit.edu (18.7.21.50) by mail.efplus.com (192.168.0.8) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 8.3.485.1; Thu, 5 Aug 2021 01:36:14 -0700 Received: from PCH.MIT.EDU (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by PCH.mit.edu (8.14.7/8.12.8) with ESMTP id 1758PDxf024788; Thu, 5 Aug 2021 04:26:22 -0400 Received: from outgoing-exchange-1.mit.edu (OUTGOING-EXCHANGE-1.MIT.EDU [18.9.28.15]) by PCH.mit.edu (8.14.7/8.12.8) with ESMTP id 1758PBur024784 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=FAIL) for ; Thu, 5 Aug 2021 04:25:11 -0400 Received: from oc11exedge1.exchange.mit.edu (OC11EXEDGE1.EXCHANGE.MIT.EDU [18.9.3.17]) by outgoing-exchange-1.mit.edu (8.14.7/8.12.4) with ESMTP id 1758PAwv011362 for ; Thu, 5 Aug 2021 04:25:11 -0400 Received: from oc11exhyb6.exchange.mit.edu (18.9.1.111) by oc11exedge1.exchange.mit.edu (18.9.3.17) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1497.23; Thu, 5 Aug 2021 04:25:22 -0400 Received: from oc11exhyb7.exchange.mit.edu (18.9.1.112) by oc11exhyb6.exchange.mit.edu (18.9.1.111) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1497.23; Thu, 5 Aug 2021 04:25:10 -0400 Received: from NAM02-BN1-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (104.47.51.44) by oc11exhyb7.exchange.mit.edu (18.9.1.112) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1497.23 via Frontend Transport; Thu, 5 Aug 2021 04:25:10 -0400 Received: from DM5PR16CA0007.namprd16.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:3:c0::17) by DM5PR01MB3260.prod.exchangelabs.com (2603:10b6:3:fe::17) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id 15.20.4394.17; Thu, 5 Aug 2021 08:25:08 +0000 Received: from DM6NAM11FT050.eop-nam11.prod.protection.outlook.com (2603:10b6:3:c0:cafe::b1) by DM5PR16CA0007.outlook.office365.com (2603:10b6:3:c0::17) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id 15.20.4394.15 via Frontend Transport; Thu, 5 Aug 2021 08:25:08 +0000 Received: from mail-pj1-f48.google.com (209.85.216.48) by DM6NAM11FT050.mail.protection.outlook.com (10.13.173.111) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id 15.20.4394.16 via Frontend Transport; Thu, 5 Aug 2021 08:25:08 +0000 Received: by mail-pj1-f48.google.com with SMTP id u21-20020a17090a8915b02901782c36f543so4051345pjn.4 for ; Thu, 05 Aug 2021 01:25:08 -0700 (PDT) From: Richard Prosser To: Microcontroller discussion list - Public. Sender: "piclist-bounces@mit.edu" Date: Thu, 5 Aug 2021 01:24:56 -0700 Subject: Re: [EE] Latching relay ratings Thread-Topic: [EE] Latching relay ratings Thread-Index: AdeJ1PRgx1kgG++YQhWoAsPImiMXpA== Message-ID: References: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , In-Reply-To: Reply-To: Microcontroller discussion list - Public. Accept-Language: en-US X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AuthAs: Anonymous X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AuthSource: TS500.efplus4.local X-MS-Has-Attach: X-Auto-Response-Suppress: All X-MS-Exchange-Organization-SenderIdResult: Pass X-MS-Exchange-Organization-PRD: mit.edu X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: received-spf: Pass (protection.outlook.com: domain of gmail.com designates 209.85.216.48 as permitted sender) receiver=protection.outlook.com; client-ip=209.85.216.48; helo=mail-pj1-f48.google.com; dkim-signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=QNspJ+DdMuJ+BtawIlpSBA4nIKm3t2EiW/bB5H6hvgg=; b=QtPaoeuSeRoaPC01xhtUpIk8cKmc0V15QDocxtGwI54dXcslwIegLYdR6l0Jbsd4VZ A+VuyY0bPuIO6JWDtDK8u6CBmMPBUjHqQGaucQfkwtbk4UvH65K8VbENs0wjuQ2gy5Ih E1A4ADBaf1F5Mzlmf6MTDbiPDd26JGfoBGnmstN2fXG8rR3qt+11gTDYM1s7qFRITmZn gyI3ICjilwUFHNBMmRWKYNqcTb+rfh2YwNDbQm5/QLeICETQQ3TxJs/32myvIE6LuUir xuhophAjRRNdO0DdZn3dNapuBC7VH5wvd0RBLyBWaSbEoGU4IoEhw5I04oFCeWdp/9j/ xHZw== authentication-results: spf=pass (sender IP is 209.85.216.48) smtp.mailfrom=gmail.com; mit.edu; dkim=pass (signature was verified) header.d=gmail.com; mit.edu; dmarc=pass action=none header.from=gmail.com; errors-to: piclist-bounces@mit.edu list-id: "Microcontroller discussion list - Public." list-post: x-beenthere: piclist@mit.edu x-mailman-version: 2.1.6 x-received: by 2002:a17:90a:7789:: with SMTP id v9mr3673292pjk.159.1628151907495; Thu, 05 Aug 2021 01:25:07 -0700 (PDT) x-topics: [EE] x-content-filtered-by: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.6 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 MIME-Version: 1.0 SW4gYSB0ZWxlY29tICJMb3cgVm9sdGFnZSBEaXNjb25uZWN0IiB0aGF0IEkgd29ya2VkIG9uLCB3 ZSB1c2VkICBhdXRvbW90aXZlCnN0eWxlIHJlbGF5cyBhdCA0OFYuIFRoZSB0cmljayB3YXMgdG8g cGxhY2UgYSBtb3NmZXQgYWNyb3NzIHRoZSBjb250YWN0cwoodmlhIGRpb2RlIGJyaWRnZSBzaW5j ZSBpdCB3YXMgYmlkaXJlY3Rpb25hbCBjdXJyZW50KSBzbyB0aGUgZmV0IGRpZCB0aGUKYWN0dWFs IGJyZWFraW5nIG9mIHRoZSBjaXJjdWl0IGFuZCAgbm8gYXJjIHdhcyBmb3JtZWQuIEFkZGl0aW9u YWxseQpwcm90ZWN0ZWQgYnkgemVuZXJzIGFuZC9vciBWRFJzIElJUkMuIEFzIHN1Y2gsIHRoZSBy ZWxheXMgd29ya2VkIHdlbGwKd2l0aGluIHRoZWlyIHJhdGluZ3MgYW5kIHRoZSBtb3NmZXRzIG9u bHkgaGFkIHRvIHBhc3MgY3VycmVudCBmb3IgYSBmZXcKMTAncyBvZiBtUywgc28gZGlkbid0IG92 ZXJoZWF0LiBBcyBJIHJlbWVtYmVyLCBBQyBzb2xpZCBzdGF0ZSByZWxheXMKd2VyZW4ndCBzdWl0 YWJsZSAgLSBvciBhdCBsZWFzdCB0aGUgb25lcyB0aGF0IHdlcmUsIHdlcmUgZmFyIHRvbyBleHBl bnNpdmUuCkZvciBoaWdoZXIgY3VycmVudHMgd2UgdXNlZCBzdWl0YWJseSByYXRlZCBjb250YWN0 b3JzIC0gMTAwQSBhbmQgYWJvdmUuClNvbWUgb2YgdGhlc2UgY29udGFjdG9ycyBoYWQgZHVhbCB3 aW5kaW5ncywgZm9yIHB1bGwtaW4gYW5kIGhvbGQtaW4sIG9uCm90aGVycyB3ZSB3b3VsZCBQV00g dGhlIGRyaXZlIHRvIHJlZHVjZSB0aGUgaG9sZC1pbiBjdXJyZW50IG9uY2UgY29ubmVjdGVkLgpE aXNjb25uZWN0aW9uIHJlcXVpcmVkIHJhcGlkIHJlbW92YWwgb2YgdGhlIGRyaXZlIGN1cnJlbnQg LSBhIHNpbXBsZQpmbHliYWNrIGRpb2RlIHdhcyB0b28gc2xvdyBhbmQgdGVuZGVkIHRvIGFyYy4g IFZlcnkgbGFyZ2UgY29udGFjdG9ycyBoYXZlCm1hZ25ldCBibG93b3V0cyB0byB0aHJvdyB0aGUg YXJjIHNpZGV3YXlzICYga2lsbCBpdCwgYnV0IHRoZXNlIGFyZSB1bmlwb2xhci4KSG9wZSBzb21l IG9mIHRoaXMgcmFtYmxpbmcgaXMgb2Ygc29tZSBhc3Npc3RhbmNlLgoKUlAKCk9uIFRodSwgNSBB dWcgMjAyMSBhdCAxNToyMywgU2VhbiBCcmVoZW55IDxzaGI3QGNvcm5lbGwuZWR1PiB3cm90ZToK Cj4gSSBhZ3JlZSB0aGF0IDEyViBpcyBsaWtlbHkgdG8gYmUgT0suIFRoZXJlJ3MgYSBydWxlIG9m IHRodW1iIHRoYXQgYW4gYXJjIGluCj4gYWlyIG5lYXIgc3RhbmRhcmQgY29uZGl0aW9ucywgb25j ZSBzdHJ1Y2ssIGNhbm5vdCBiZSBzdXN0YWluZWQgaWYgdGhlCj4gc3VwcGx5IHNvdXJjZSBpcyBs ZXNzIHRoYW4gMzBWLiBJJ3ZlIHdpdG5lc3NlZCBtdWx0aXBsZSBpbnN0YW5jZXMgb2YgNDhWREMK PiBtYWludGFpbmluZyBhIGNvbnRpbnVvdXMgYXJjIGFjcm9zcyBib3RoIG9wZW4gcmVsYXkgY29u dGFjdHMgYW5kIGJsb3duCj4gZnVzZXMgKGluIGJvdGggY2FzZXMgdGhlIGNvbXBvbmVudHMgd2Vy ZSBvbmx5IHJhdGVkIGZvciBhYm91dCAyNFZEQykuIEkndmUKPiBuZXZlciBzZWVuIGl0IGhhcHBl biBiZWxvdyBhYm91dCA0MFYuCj4KPiBBIHJlbGF0ZWQgcnVsZSBvZiB0aHVtYiBpcyB0aGF0IGEg c3BhcmsgY2Fubm90IGp1bXAgYW4gYWlyIGdhcCAoaW4gYWlyIGF0Cj4gc3RhbmRhcmQgY29uZGl0 aW9ucykgd2l0aCBsZXNzIHRoYW4gMzAwViBwZWFrIG5vIG1hdHRlciBob3cgc21hbGwgdGhlIGdh cAo+IGlzLCBhcyBsb25nIGFzIHRoZSBjb25kdWN0b3JzIG5ldmVyIHRvdWNoLiBUaGUgbW9yZSBn ZW5lcmFsIGZvcm0gb2YgdGhpcwo+IHJ1bGUgaXMgY2FsbGVkIFBhc2NoZW4ncyBMYXcgYW5kIGNh biBiZSBjb21wdXRlZCBmb3Igb3RoZXIgZ2Fzc2VzIHRoYW4gYWlyCj4gYW5kIGZvciBhbnkgdGVt cGVyYXR1cmUgYW5kIHByZXNzdXJlLiBUaGlzIGlzIGEgbW9yZSByaWdvcm91cyBwaHlzaWNhbCBs YXcKPiB0aGFuIHRoZSAzMFYgInN1c3RhaW4iIHZvbHRhZ2Ugb25lIGFib3ZlLiBJdCBkb2VzIHN0 b3AgYmVpbmcgYWNjdXJhdGUgd2hlbgo+IHRoZSBkaXN0YW5jZSBnZXRzIGRvd24gdG8gbGVzcyB0 aGFuIDEwIG5hbm9tZXRlcnMsIHdoZXJlIHR1bm5lbGluZyBiZWdpbnMKPiB0byBoYXBwZW4uIEl0 IGFsc28gaXMgbm90IGFjY3VyYXRlIGluIHRoZSBwcmVzZW5jZSBvZiBzaWduaWZpY2FudCBpb25p emluZwo+IHJhZGlhdGlvbiAoZWl0aGVyIGxpZ2h0IGF0IFVWIG9yIHNob3J0ZXIgd2F2ZWxlbmd0 aCBvciBwYXJ0aWNsZS1iYXNlZAo+IHJhZGlhdGlvbikKPgo+IEFub3RoZXIgdGhpbmcgdG8gY29u c2lkZXIgaXMgdGhhdCB5b3UgY291bGQgcHV0IHNldmVyYWwgcmVsYXkgY29udGFjdHMgaW4KPiBz ZXJpZXMgdG8gYmUgbW9yZSBzdXJlIGl0IHdvdWxkIGJyZWFrIHRoZSBhcmMuIFJlbGF5cyBhbmQg c3dpdGNoZXMgd2l0aAo+IHByb3BlciBEQyBoaWdoIGN1cnJlbnQgcmF0aW5ncyB3aWxsIG9mdGVu IGdpdmUgc3VjaCByYXRpbmdzIGZvciB1cCB0bwo+IHNldmVyYWwgY29udGFjdHMgaW4gc2VyaWVz LiBTb21ldGltZXMgdGhpcyBpbmZvIGlzIG9ubHkgYXZhaWxhYmxlIG9uCj4gcmVxdWVzdCBmcm9t IHRoZSBtZmcuCj4KPiBJIHJlY2VudGx5IHdvcmtlZCBvbiBhIHByb2plY3Qgd2hpY2ggdXNlZCBz ZXZlcmFsIHNtYWxsIHNpZ25hbCBsYXRjaGluZwo+IHJlbGF5cyB3aGljaCBoYWQgc2VwYXJhdGUg bGF0Y2ggYW5kIHVubGF0Y2ggY29pbHMgKGFzIG9wcG9zZWQgdG8gb25lcyB3aXRoCj4gYSBzaW5n bGUgY29pbCB3aGVyZSBwb2xhcml0eSBkZXRlcm1pbmVzIHdoZXRoZXIgdGhlIHB1bHNlIGxhdGNo ZXMgb3IKPiB1bmxhdGNoZXMpLiBPbmUgdGhpbmcgSSBkaWRuJ3QgZXhwZWN0IChidXQgc2F3KSB3 YXMgdGhhdCBwdWxzZXMgb2YgY3VycmVudAo+IGFwcGxpZWQgdG8gb25lIGNvaWwgc2hvd2VkIHVw IGFzIHZvbHRhZ2UgcHVsc2VzIGFjcm9zcyB0aGUgb3RoZXIgY29pbCAtIGFuZAo+IGFuIGFwcCBu b3RlIEkgcmVhZCBjb25maXJtZWQgdGhpcy4gSXQncyBzb21ldGhpbmcgdG8ga2VlcCBpbiBtaW5k IHdoZW4KPiBkZXNpZ25pbmcgY2lyY3VpdHMgdG8gZHJpdmUgdGhlc2UgY29pbHMgb24gMi1jb2ls IGxhdGNoaW5nIHJlbGF5cy4KPgo+IFNlYW4KPgo+Cj4KPiBPbiBXZWQsIEF1ZyA0LCAyMDIxLCAx MDowNiBQTSBTcGVocm8gUGVmaGFueSA8c3BlZmZAaW50ZXJsb2cuY29tIHdyb3RlOgo+Cj4gPiBJ IHRoaW5rIHlvdeKAmWQgYmUgcmVhc29uYWJseSBzYWZlIHVzaW5nIDI3N1ZBQyByYXRpbmdzIGZv ciAxMlZEQy4gSGlnaGVyCj4gREMKPiA+IHZvbHRhZ2VzLCBlc3BlY2lhbGx5ID4yNFZEQywgY2Fu IGJlIGFuIGlzc3VlLCBhbmQgbW9yZSBzbyB3aXRoIGluZHVjdGl2ZQo+ID4gbG9hZHMuCj4gPgo+ ID4gQmVzdCByZWdhcmRzLCBTUAo+ID4KPiA+ID4gT24gQXVnIDQsIDIwMjEsIGF0IDY6MzkgUE0s IEJvYiBCbGljayA8Ym9iYmxpY2tAb3V0bG9vay5jb20+IHdyb3RlOgo+ID4gPgo+ID4gPiDvu79J J20gaGVscGluZyBhIGZyaWVuZCBvdXQgd2l0aCBoaXMgY2FtcGVyJ3MgYXV4aWxpYXJ5IDEyIHZv bHQgcG93ZXIsCj4gYW5kCj4gPiBJJ2QgbGlrZSB0byBzZXQgdXAgYW4gYXV0b21hdGljIGxvdyBi YXR0ZXJ5IGRpc2Nvbm5lY3QuIEhpcyBzb2xhcgo+ID4gY29udHJvbGxlciBoYXMgYSBsb3cgYmF0 dGVyeSB2b2x0YWdlIGRyeSBjb250YWN0IG91dHB1dCBidXQgaXQncyByYXRlZAo+IGZvcgo+ID4g b25seSAwLjVBLiBJIGtub3cgSSBjb3VsZCBqdXN0IGNvbm5lY3QgYSA0MCBBbXAgYXV0b21vdGl2 ZSByZWxheSB0byB0aGF0LAo+ID4gYnV0IHRoZW4gdGhlcmUnZCBiZSBhIGNvbnN0YW50IDEyMCBt aWxsaWFtcCBkcmFpbiB1bnRpbCB0aGUgYmF0dGVyeQo+ID4gZGlzY29ubmVjdGVkLiBTbyBJIGFt IHRoaW5raW5nIG9mIHVzaW5nIGEgaGlnaCBjdXJyZW50IGxhdGNoaW5nIHJlbGF5IGFuZAo+ID4g c29tZSBsb2dpYy4gQnV0IGFsbCB0aGUgYWZmb3JkYWJsZSBsYXRjaGluZyByZWxheXMsIHN1Y2gg YXMgdGhpcyAxMjAgQW1wCj4gPiBPbXJvbiBHOVRCLUsxQVRXLUUgREMxMiAgYXJlIHJhdGVkIGZv ciBBQyBvbmx5LiBJJ20gYXNzdW1pbmcgaXQncyBiZWNhdXNlCj4gPiBoaWdoIERDIGN1cnJlbnQg Y291bGQgY2F1c2UgdGhlIHJlbGF5IHRvIHVubGF0Y2ggZHVlIHRvIGVsZWN0cm9tYWduZXRpc20s Cj4gPiBhbmQgcnVubmluZyAxMlZEQyBhdCAzMCBBbXBzIHRocm91Z2ggdGhlIDI3N1ZBQyAxMjBB IGNvbnRhY3RzIGlzbid0Cj4gcmVhbGx5Cj4gPiBnb2luZyB0byBiZSBhIHByb2JsZW0uIE9yIGFt IEkgd3Jvbmc/Cj4gPiA+Cj4gPiA+IEJvYgo+ID4gPiAtLQo+ID4gPiBodHRwOi8vd3d3LnBpY2xp c3QuY29tL3RlY2hyZWYvcGljbGlzdCBQSUMvU1ggRkFRICYgbGlzdCBhcmNoaXZlCj4gPiA+IFZp ZXcvY2hhbmdlIHlvdXIgbWVtYmVyc2hpcCBvcHRpb25zIGF0Cj4gPiA+IGh0dHA6Ly9tYWlsbWFu Lm1pdC5lZHUvbWFpbG1hbi9saXN0aW5mby9waWNsaXN0Cj4gPgo+ID4KPiA+IC0tCj4gPiBodHRw Oi8vd3d3LnBpY2xpc3QuY29tL3RlY2hyZWYvcGljbGlzdCBQSUMvU1ggRkFRICYgbGlzdCBhcmNo aXZlCj4gPiBWaWV3L2NoYW5nZSB5b3VyIG1lbWJlcnNoaXAgb3B0aW9ucyBhdAo+ID4gaHR0cDov L21haWxtYW4ubWl0LmVkdS9tYWlsbWFuL2xpc3RpbmZvL3BpY2xpc3QKPiA+Cj4gLS0KPiBodHRw Oi8vd3d3LnBpY2xpc3QuY29tL3RlY2hyZWYvcGljbGlzdCBQSUMvU1ggRkFRICYgbGlzdCBhcmNo aXZlCj4gVmlldy9jaGFuZ2UgeW91ciBtZW1iZXJzaGlwIG9wdGlvbnMgYXQKPiBodHRwOi8vbWFp bG1hbi5taXQuZWR1L21haWxtYW4vbGlzdGluZm8vcGljbGlzdAo+Ci0tIApodHRwOi8vd3d3LnBp Y2xpc3QuY29tL3RlY2hyZWYvcGljbGlzdCBQSUMvU1ggRkFRICYgbGlzdCBhcmNoaXZlClZpZXcv Y2hhbmdlIHlvdXIgbWVtYmVyc2hpcCBvcHRpb25zIGF0Cmh0dHA6Ly9tYWlsbWFuLm1pdC5lZHUv bWFpbG1hbi9saXN0aW5mby9waWNsaXN0Cg== .