I am a bit late in responding but I wanted to chime in to say that load dump and ESD are very different and I don't think the methods of ESD protection I mentioned would be applicable to load dump. ESD is roughly a 1nF cap charged to between 4kV and 15kV with about a 100 ohm series resistance. Rise time is about 1ns and fall time about 500ns. Current is about 10 to 100 amps peak. Total energy less than 1 Joule - usually about 10mJ. I am less familiar with load dump but I would guess it would typically have a rise time of about 1us, fall time of about 10ms, current about 10 to 1000 amps, and a total energy of about 10 Joules, maybe more. In other words, a sledgehammer compared to ESD (which is more like a small rock thrown very fast) --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .