Random musings. Accidentally primed for this topic by Risks 30.40 on demand management of domestic food freezers. http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/30/40#subj23 My father's job was in transmission protection for the NSW grid in Australia, so I had learned much in my youth. Coal thermal stations are sited with their coal resource, operate until nearby coal is depleted, and are foregone as uneconomic. Nuclear nearly happened. My father designed the transmission extension into the chosen federal territory, the land corridor was reserved, and part of the transmission line was built. The project did not go ahead. He said the cost of the fuel cycle equipment killed the project more than the reported popular concern over radiation. We visited the site last year. Lush vegetation. Policy uncertainty in past few decades, and several other factors, slowed and stopped the building of new coal thermal plant. Last summer our grid suffered several extreme price events, and retail prices have risen to compensate. I'm getting out. Working on 10kw solar with LiFePO4 storage (Sonnen Eco), a zero export system. Despite being zero export, thus only a load as far as the grid is concerned, my designer has been told by the grid distributor that my meters must be upgraded to time of use. Designer is pushing back, asking for a rule number to explain why a zero export system should be required to upgrade metering, to which one answer may be that the distributor chooses not to upgrade meters unless the customer is spending big on something, anything, so that the customer pays instead of the distributor. (Which reminds me; placing the solar array 50m away beyond trees is apparently quite costly, four strings at 400V each means the underground DC cable back to the battery inverters has to be more special than normal.) At another site I'm jointly responsible for, as part of a committee, metering was replaced recently for free; it's an exporting system, with solar array, grid interactive inverter, but no storage. Previously one nett meter about ten years old. Now one complex meter with LCD display and multiple values in the scroll sequence, including export. Yet another meter added that only records export. It seems redundant, and shows about the same values. Was explaining the metering to a young child on Sunday, pointing out the infrared communications port, and how infrared is invisible light, like on television remote controls. Afterwards realised the child will go home, borrow a phone camera, and start playing with remote controls. ;-) --=20 James Cameron http://quozl.netrek.org/ --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .