Recently, a young man was electrocuted in his bath while using his=20 cellphone connected to his mains charger. What that told me was the=20 power supply manufacturer did not isolate the wall charger supply from=20 the "hot" line. the circuit was in an insulating case, right? Should=20 have been save, right? I guess not. I know you do not want to design for=20 a lawsuit or a criminal charge. The capacitor in the circuit does not necessarily limit the current to a=20 safe level. Also, if the "hot" and the "neutral" or ground get reversed=20 by accident by an inattentive electrician or amateur, someone can be=20 killed. It is a good idea to design for safety by using a UL or other=20 tested and approved isolation transformer. Even better, purchase an UL=20 approved isolated wall transformer. Take a few apart to make sure the=20 manufacturer knows what they are doing. I hope this helps. --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .