Hi Byron: Most of the discussion I've seen relates to electrical aspects, but there's= another they you should consider and that's=20 the explosion of a battery cell. Starting during the Vietnam era military equipment that uses batteries have= a design requirement that they allow for the=20 explosion of one cell of the battery. This usually involves a vent so that= the equipment case does not become=20 shrapnel. I've had a battery explode (I was told by hydrogen gas build up = that did not ignite) while charging according=20 the the specifications and was lucky that the battery panel missed me. Of = course there have been many instances of=20 battery puncture causing fires, like when a forklift driver new to aircraft= pallets started a major fire some hours=20 after the pallet of batteries was unloaded from an international flight. T= he authorities quickly saw the potential=20 problem if this driver had just loaded a pallet onto an airplane in the sam= e manner. --=20 Have Fun, Brooke Clarke http://www.PRC68.com http://www.end2partygovernment.com/2012Issues.html -------- Original Message -------- > Re: [EE] Fail-safe Safety-Critical Systems Design --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .