Joe, Thank you for your reply. There is yet another consideration that I haven't mentioned until now that = further complicates things. On many dedicated siren tone generator chips (= not PICs, but custom created chips for sound generation), there is what is = called a "soft chirp" feature. When you ground the appropriate pin on such= chips, the volume will be decreased by about 30%, as long as the chip is p= owered for 200msec or less. Such is accomplished by varying the ON time of= each pulse, as follows: Normal (FULL VOLUME) Output pulse: -------------------- | | ----| |---- Soft Chirp Output: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- || || || || || || || ----||-||-||-||-||-||-||---- The reasoning behind "soft chirp" is that you may want to give audio feedba= ck to the user when a security system is armed or disarmed, yet you don't w= ant to blast their eardrums at those times. But when the alarm is triggere= d, you of course want to get maximum volume from your siren (8-ohm speaker)= .. =20 The technique used is somewhat of a blunt instrument though. Since the 200= ms is fixed, when you trigger the full siren blast, the first 200msec of th= e siren is soft and then it jumps to full volume after that (no gradual ram= p-up in volume). Such is not a big issue, just an observation. By the way, the reason a lot of these sound generator chips use a fixed 200= ms is because they don't know which alarm system controller they will be at= tached too. Many alarms send pulses that are only 30ms or 40ms in width, w= hile other alarm controllers may send 100ms pulses. So to be safe, the cre= ators of these sound-gen chips chose a fixed 200ms cut-off. =20 If you're wondering, the reason I am using a PIC instead of a dedicated sou= nd-gen chip is so I can create my own unique sounds and add more of them, m= aking each one fully selectable. Creating the sweeps is challenging enough, but pulsing each pulse to drop t= he volume is perhaps beyond what this 16F1508 can do. What do you think an= effective means of decreasing output volume for short chirps? Thank you, James W. --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .