The page at http://www.ryanjuckett.com/programming/printing-floating-point-numbers/ looks quite interesting. I have to take the time to study it. I've always thought (without digging into it as much as I should), that in a 32 bit float, there was a sign bit and a 7 bit exponent with the exponent being biased up so it's always positive. The mantissa was 25 bits with an "understood leading 1." The exponent is adjusted so the most significant bit is 1 (unless the exponent is zero, then the result is zero). It SEEMS like it should be possible to express an integer exactly. I guess that is indeed the case and that the we get the rounding issue for non-integer real numbers (because of the base 10 versus base 2 representation of fractions). Interesting subject! Harold --=20 FCC Rules Updated Daily at http://www.hallikainen.com Not sent from an iPhone. --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .