=20 > IGBTs definitely still have niche applications but I think it is > very rare that they would be the optimal design choice today > for voltages below 400V. If you're meaning supply voltage and a non-inductive load then a simple FET would do. So eg a simple 20V FET for a 12V LED application. But when you figure in back-EMF from motors and other inductors then IMHO it isn't quite so clear-cut. You can still use a 20V FET of course but have to add components to stop it from being blown. For all their d-s capabilities FETs are quite fragile. For my application a logic FET could have been used, albeit needing a driver (a couple of transistors) and spike protection. A suitably-rated IGBT (ie a part that was actually engineered for driving coils and coping with EMF) is a simple one-part solution Joe ----- No virus found in this message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 2015.0.5961 / Virus Database: 4355/9991 - Release Date: 06/10/15 --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .