I'm aware of the model railway and overhead light wiring arrangements. I suspect that if the latter was designed for a 2A load that it would be designed to go hi-z (PTC) if shorted and not deliver the steady 8A that mine does. But what surprised me was the common use of such sources unidentified in standard household settings. Model railroads demonstrate their capabilities and are used because they do power things via the metal conductors. And anyone who has tried to keep one working becomes rapidly aware of issues such as continuity and contact point cleanliness. Some may use the overhead light system "unawares" but you'd hope not. But the lamps have typically 200 to 500mm of bare metal telescoping rods about 50mm apart. I can bridge the ones on one lamp by holding two NZ $2 coins overlapped. I'm trying to think of how I can make a rectifier from household materials - which would allow me to fashion a cellphone charger "on the spot" - with due care, A good party trick if nothing else - for a limited range of parties :-). QUESTION: How can I make a rectifier from typically available household products - breaking open the TV, GPS, I-Phone (while a good idea) etc doesn't count. Need not be perfect - as long as mean current is net unidirectional it will work "in some cases". Russell --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .