Hi Neil, Not sure if this helps but someone once suggested I use of an LCR meter to get a true indication with regards to the health of the windings. Problem I had was no LCR meter and no idea what values would be typical. Justin --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .