Thanks for the info Denny I looked up wasted spark. I didn't know that one of the sparks is in exhaust gas http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasted_spark > I wouldn't be a bit surprised if they have some internal center tap in th= e > secondaries back to the primary to keep it from floating. Perhaps even > a high impedance connection. Two minutes with an ohmmeter would tell > much. There doesn't appear to be, not in the transformer itself anyway. The primary is about 0.4 ohms, the secondary is 5900 ohms and I can't measure anything connecting them There might be one in the circuitry in the module which goes back to the ECU https://www.flickr.com/photos/97814409@N04/sets/72157647655795144/ Joe=20 ----- No virus found in this message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 2015.0.5645 / Virus Database: 4260/8972 - Release Date: 01/21/15 --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .