My own understanding is that a Musical octave is a halving or doubling of frequency. Notes that are on octave boundaries have harmonic relationships. An octave is not divided into seven or eight notes, it is divided into twelve intervals.(sometimes referred to as "semi-tones", but since 12 does not divide evenly by seven, there's another complete discussion waiting to happen) But then I get my view of notes through a MIDI cable. I really enjoy the diversity of perspective that Piclist offers. There is also some bizarre entertainment when topics occasionally go on for weeks on end.. At that point I'm not learning about engineering, I am learning about engineers. You are all appreciated. :) --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .