N.B - U-boat tactical doctrine (in that period) was to operate on the surface at night - My reference was to surface attacks; an unusual occurence in European waters by then, due to aggressive RN/ Coastal Command/ RAF/ Poles/ anyone else with something that would shoot/ response... --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .