> For a long time now you just connect the Vo pin to GND via a > trim-pot or a controlled current sink. I think the only time I ever fitted a trimpot, as per the datasheet, was the first time I used an HD44780-type alphanumeric. Then realised how ridiculous a waste it was. Now I either tie Vo to 0V or, for best contrast, a 47R/4k7 divider to raise Vo to just above 0V Joe --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .