> There has been several discussions regarding the best practice with > regards to grounding devices and batteries in vehicles. Hi Justin, I think it largely depends on the current needs of the devices. For example, I'm looking at a design for a high-current (600W) SMPS to provide +/- rails for an audio amp. It's "highly recommended" that the 0V for the SMPS goes directly to the battery -ve using heavy duty copper cable and that -ve terminals of the speakers do not use chassis as the return, to minimise circulating heavy ground currents that could cause audio noise If you were talking about (low-ish current) lighting or devices generally insensitive or indifferent to ground noise then probably the chassis is acceptable. I've installed my fair share of 10 - 20W audio systems using the chassis and, where possible, tried to have a common local earthing point What you don't want though is a high-power audio system to start motorboating or clipping etc because of voltage drops Joe --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .