There has been several discussions regarding the best practice with regards to grounding devices and batteries in vehicles. Some recommend that the device is grounded as close as possible to the device to the chassis. Other suggest running a negative lead all the back to the battery or to the battery earth point. I once considered it best to run both a negative and positive lead all the way to the battery. However, over time I have been convinced that using the chassis provides a superior return as it will offer less resistance and reduce ground loops. (Reduce ground loops as in the case where the chassis of the device comes into electrical contact with the chassis of the vehicle and there is also a negative return lead to the battery). Justin --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .