That's cool stuff. Way beyond what I expected. Thanks. I was just doing a= newbie mass to energy conversion to make my imaginary battery not cross th= e bounds of physics. Perhaps if I left off the word "chemical reaction" it= would have made sense. Nonetheless, I learned a ton by asking it. Lindy P.S. Russell you're still way cool in my book even if you don't get drunk a= nd think you could win the millennium award with a basic understanding of = PNP transistors (like I did). -----Original Message----- From: piclist-bounces@mit.edu [mailto:piclist-bounces@mit.edu] On Behalf Of= RussellMc Sent: Wednesday, October 23, 2013 1:32 AM To: Microcontroller discussion list - Public. Subject: Re: [OT] Thought experiment: Understanding volts vs amps There is a very solid finite upper limit on chemical efficiency based on th= e bond energies. Actual can approach theoretical for thermal release. Useable in engines is lower. Most hydrocarbons have around 10 kWh/kg bond energy LPG about 14 kWh/kg. Hydrogen gives about 40 kWh/kg. High explosives are in the same approximate range as hydrocarbons - they ar= e just "better" at breaking all their bonds at once than is eg petrol. Fortunately. A cup of petrol and a stick of dynamite are of about same energy content. Petrol (as usually used) needs to be vaporised and mixed with air to libera= te its energy. Do this "in the open" and you have a FAE - fuel air explosiv= e. Flour does it too! (grain milling plants sometimes manage to explosively= decompose due solely to grain dust and air igniting). --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .