I have just had a further thought ' thought bubble floats above head ' -=20 why not adapt the heating band from those cheap slowcooker utensils or=20 something similar, baby bottle warmer perhaps. If you haven't pulled an=20 'Aldi' style slow cooker to pieces, all it consists of is nichrome wire=20 embedded in a wrap-around heat transfer carcase (it isn't totally flexible= =20 as in bendy, but does have a lot of give to it) that is glued to an inner=20 metal wall, which subsequently transfers the heat to the ceramic/china bowl= =20 inside. It seems to me, that if the correct diameter could be found for your tube=20 (what diameter is your copper pipe?), this could just wrap around, apply=20 current as needed. Colin -- cdb, colin@btech-online.co.uk on 7/06/2013 =20 Web presence: www.btech-online.co.uk =20 =20 Hosted by: www.justhost.com.au =20 =20 This email is to be considered private if addressed to a named individual= =20 or Personnel Department, and public if addressed to a blog, forum or news= =20 article. =20 =20 =20 --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .