> Thermal pads [are] hard to obtain/expensive. >=20 > Kapton tape would do, but hard to obtain as well. I wouldn't call either one "hard to obtain." Easier to get than nichrome, = probably=85 Teflon plumbing tape (non-adhesive) is probably your best bet if you want s= omething that can be picked up at the local hardware store. There are at l= east two varieties (one for water joints, and one for gas pipe joints.) Um. Ordinary paper might work. Thin enough, and backed by a copper pipe, = you might not even need to limit wire current very much (similar to the way= you can boil water over a candle flame in a paper cup.) BillW --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .