I'd suggest the fine glass fibre matting often used for a smoother finish than the coarse chopped or rolled weaved matting You can get a grade that's very thin, almost like tissue paper. I have a roll of 50cm x several hundred feet of it that I snip the odd bit off for heat insulation, works well. Enough material to electrically insulate, but open to allow heat through Any fibreglassing concern, such as a boatbuilder, will likely let you have a square foot if they have a heart. Another layer of it over the wire, wrapped with aluminium foil to help reflect the heat inwards, then a layer of fluffy insulation, perhaps topped off with cardboard to hold it all together A long time ago I made a heated lid for a vacuum laminator which was big enough to take two A0 sheets. I bought a mains-voltage 2000W heating element, which was nichrome wire embedded in ceramic powder in a thin copper tube, which could be earthed. Bendable to about a 2" diameter I think. It was very long, perhaps 25m, enough to be zigzagged on the lid's metal plate. Probably the sort of thing that would be used to heat a tank Just wondering if it's domestic cousin, a kettle element, could be used, with suitable temperature monitoring. Perhaps a shallow tray rather than a tube ? Joe --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .