Manu said: > One idea would be to use ceramic beads on the Ni-Cr wire at even > distances, so that these beads alone come in contact with your pipe. > Ceramic beads are used inside many soldering irons and other such > applications where such operation is required. Filaments of suitable material laid long ways or in a spiral up tube would do the same and can be very thin. Glass fibres ("fibre optics) would probably work well. A wrap of Sergeys Teflon tape over the top would help achieve local temperature rise and greatly reduce convective losses. .. R --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .