> I have an old 18V battery powered drill The 18V is nominal. I also have a drill which had the batteries ruined by a rubbish charger The pack had 15 NiCd =3D 18V But, fully charged, (assuming the manufacturer had any sympathy for the motor) the pack will be as high as 21V or 15 x 1.4V So I made an SMPS with an MC34063 + external FET (for amps) that puts out 20V from nominal 12V input, SLA or PSU. Works fine, good speed maintenance and screwdriving torque, whilst V is being below the maximum possibly designed for I could have used 2 x 12V and PWM but the SMPS option seemed easier with one battery and of course less cumbersome than two By chance I saw a James May's Toy Stories episode at the w/e http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_May's_Toy_Stories#The_Great_Train_Race in which the German team powered an 18V loco with 24V (no PWM presumably), for extra fastiness. Which it had, right up to the point where it died Joe --=20 http://www.piclist.com/techref/piclist PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .