> ... what is the 'mp' in Wmp? I should havedefined it Wmp or Wmpp is Watts at maximum power point. ie panel is irradiated at std level (usually 1 kW/m^2 at 25C with light of AM1.5 spectrum*) and then loaded so that Vx I product is maximised. ie about as much as you will get out of it best case ever. If you have a "12V" panel it will often have Vmp =3D 18V so a 180 Watt panel will produce 18V x 10A at Wmp point. If you charge a lead acid battery with a non energy-converting controller you get slightly more than 10A (as Isc is > Imp (but not vastly so) and 12V load is between Vmp and SC. So you immediately have a no more than about 1A x 12V =3D 129 Watt effective panel. Not a good start. MPPT controllers energy convert and try to load the panel to Wmp and output at optimium for system in use. Russell --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .