Hello, please excuse my ignorance when it comes to the analogue design. However, I would like to amplify the output of the 5 bit DAC of a PIC microcontroller (PIC18F46k22) to drive a small speaker. I know its crude and that I probably could to better but its already built in, no work required. So my question is at 5 volts how much current to I need to add to the base of a 2N2222 to get its linear region (I believe thats the term). Schematic: Collector of Transistor -> Vcc +5v Vcc +5v -> X Value Bias Resistor -> Base Of Transistor DAC Pin of Microcontroller -> 1k resistor -> Base Of Transistor Emitter of Transistor -> Speaker -> Capacitor -> Ground +0v Thank you ! Jason White --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .