> It's almost certainly a negative bias voltage generator for use with > extended temperature glass on the same PCB That might be so. I've got LCDs with unused pads for inverters like the Epson SCI7661 (14 pin SMT) I have some RT-C1602L-P1 with the same pads, but not the S1 & S2 bridges. The datasheet, similar to this one,=20 http://oomlout.com/LCDD/LCDD-DATA-BC1602A.pdf says LCDs with 3V logic require -3V for the contrast control You could see if the SCI7660 fits your board ftp://ftp.epson.it/pub/electronics-de/assp/power/sci7660.pdf Joe --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .