BCC: JMC - Any of these in Vanuatu? 1st reference is useful in spelling out the basic factors of concern when designing an earth return power system. Thee is a little more magic to it than may meet the eye. Not something most people are liable to do very often. But ... SWER =3D Single Wire Earth Return power transmission is essentially just that. A single high voltage (say 10 kV to 30 kV) phase wire is used to distribute power and the return circuit uses ground. While this at first and second blances may sound like very old technology (and it is) it is also still of great use in niche applications. Medium length rural distributions of moderate power requirement may still be most cost effectively served by SWER. I'm posting this mainly because of the excellent material in the first link below. http://www.stonepower.se/Images/SWER.pdf Distribution of Electrical Power to Rural Areas- Australian Experience and Implementation Possibility in Developing Countries http://www.iranenergy.org.ir/library/articles/5%20articles%20national%20ene= rgy%20congress/pdf/1406.pdf Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_wire_earth_return Sci,Eng http://groups.google.com/group/sci.engr.electrical.sys-protection/browse_th= read/thread/5013cb01d9526811/3539d5ffb9062da4%3Fq%3D%2522High%2BVoltage%252= 2%233539d5ffb9062da4&ei=3DiGwTS6eaOpW8Qpmqic0O&sa=3Dt&ct=3Dres&cd=3D2&sourc= e=3Dgroups&usg=3DAFQjCNFy3KmggWtXV7X5hmiPPWIADmQw1g?pli=3D1 ________________________________ This amused me, as an example test for the TECH / EE boundary is things you cannot/can build at home and a power station is mentioned as something that you (notionally) can't. . This is connected to a power station and is on the large side of DIY but the expressions given may indeed assist some DIY endeavours. Russell McMahon --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .