> > So it works after a fashion but is crippled. > > > > >=20 > Which is why the diodes are there to allow just as fast current flow in t= he other > direction. But they remove the 10k resistor from the RC time constant while the diode = is conducting. This would make the circuit oscillate at a much higher frequ= ency than one would expect for a given RC. The 'conventional' circuit with = the bias resistors to Vcc will give the full RC time constant provided the = transistor does not have any significant reverse Vbe current flow. --=20 Scanned by iCritical. --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .