> I would totally expect a super capacitor or something for this sort of > thing. What are the effects of loading 12V across a single Li-ion cell? O= r > am I missing something about Ohm's law and that 12V will actually drop to > a much lower voltage due to the near 0-Ohm ESR of the battery and the > effective charging input power to the battery is within a safe range? the alternator current limits when a low impedance load is applied and acts like a constant current source at about the battery voltage. IF you apply it to a Lithium Ion cell (or most other chemistry types) that is fully charged then it will potentially do damage, but until then it works acceptably. The alternator is rated at Valt >> Vbat at full revs so that it can still charge at less than full revs. Russell --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .