> In Brazil it is very rare the use of GFCI protection, and even grounding
> is often completely missing.
> The new code demands that every wall outlet be grounded, but it will
> take years until it is predominant.
>
> As I said, I used showers with phase-phase installations without ground
> and never had any problem, even during thunderstorms.
>
> Not that I think it is correct, but that's the life and sometimes we
> don't have an option.
>
>
> Isaac

I'd never seen these on-demand shower water heaters until today. Pretty
interesting. My father lived on a boat with a shower. It had an electric
pump to pump the water out of the bottom of the shower. I got a shock from
that when standing on the wet wooden grate on the floor and touching the
water faucet.  With a 20k ohm/volt voltmeter, I measured 6V between the
faucet and the drain. The boat had a 48V electrical system.

Back on the shower heater, how much power does it take? What's the water
flow rate? I generally think using electricity for heating is about 1/3
the efficiency of using natural gas or worse, considering power plant
efficiency. Of course, there are losses in a typical gas fired tank water
heater including continuous losses through the heater walls, losses when
the cold pipes are heated when water flow starts, etc. So, in terms of
efficiency, which wins? On demand electric or gas fired tank?

Harold


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