> I didn't think the kernel ran with physical =3D virtual. For example the
> "kallsyms" on my 512MB ubuntu virtual machine shows the kernel symbols
> at adresses in the 0xC0000000 (3GB) range, well above the range of
> physical memory.

kallsyms seems to be a mixture of physical and virtual addresses.  The
kernel needs to know the physical addresses, although nobody else does.=20
Also keep in mind that the BIOSes are going to be located above the RAM
address space, probably near the top of the addressable space.  But the 3G
addresses are most likely virtual addresses of bits of the kernel that
appear in the virtual space.

Also note that the symbols have varying attributes and not all represent
addresses.  All save one of the symbols that seem to be NIOS related on my
64 bit Fedora box are at the top of the 64 bit address space, and almost
all are read-only.  Could be simply a copy of the BIOS in the virtual
space, but looks suspiciously like ROM at the top of addressable space,
just what you would expect for a BIOS.

The obvious answer is to use the source, Luke.

But back to the OPs objective - writing flash might not be too bright, and
i would say the odds are good that in his case those are RAM virtual
addresses, the BIOS having been read off a block structured device.

--McD


--=20
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