http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_with_submarines#Extremely_low_fr= equency VLF (10s of KHz) was used for subs beginning in the 1930s. A US VLF site which still exists, but is no longer operational : http://hawkins.pair.com/nss.shtml A similar RN VLF site (GBR?) was shut down perhaps 10 years ago. --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .