Various circuits & links. Strongly recommended. Many from EDN - most from 1990's. Seems to have chosen a better than average collection of "good" ones. Jim Williams is a contributor in at least one case !!!! Unfair ! :-). http://www.audioscientific.com/Circuits%20-%20Schematics%20&%20Tutorials_10= 0.htm I liked the retrospectively obvious addition of a capacitor in the middle of a classic cascode* circuit, thus enabling the whole circuit to run on 1 Volt when the original wouldn't! . They also have a topographically reworked but identical version of "my" 1 cell LED driver circuit (classic 2 transistor flasher from yore with an inductor added to give it N volt output, which I think I published in 2000 or 2001. Theirs dated 2002. While I have little doubt that Noah used the circuit to power deck lights, I have never seen an earlier mention than mine (so far) - and also have never seen anyone attribute it to me either :-). Russell McMahon * Not a typo - cascode is the correct name. --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .