>>> The 8080 makes it hard. >> >> Not if you write your machine code in octal > > the RCA 1802 Now the 1802 has nice hex-based instructions (16 registers, after all.) But I remember being really annoyed when all the hobby publications =20 started using hex for 8080/z80 code, because it really does obscure =20 the architecture. (7 registers plus memory. Nice octal fields. =20 111=3DA (Accumulator), 000=3DB 001=3DC 010=3DD 011=3DE 100=3DH 101=3DL 110= =3DM (Memory =20 reference through address in H:L)) MUCH easier. All to save 33% keystrokes or paper tape length, I guess. Hopefully front panels did the bit grouping better... BillW --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .