> > if the motor produces back EMF (i.e. no electronics in it, just brushes= ) > > then I think you will be very concerned. >=20 > There is no observable problems but I guess I will attach a flywheel > diode to motor. Thanks for the suggestion. A single flywheel diode is suitable if motor operated in one direction only= .... but you=20 mentioned the motor is connected between two PIC I/O lines, presumably so y= ou=20 can operate the motor in forward or reverse. A single diode would be forwar= d biased=20 in one direction - shorting the motor. So then you need 4 x diodes in a bri= dge=20 configuration. And they need to be Schottky diodes to operate before the PI= Cs in=20 built protection diodes operate. What about over current protection if the motor stalls? --=20 Brent Brown, Electronic Design Solutions 16 English Street, St Andrews, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand Ph: +64 7 849 0069 Fax: +64 7 849 0071 Cell: +64 27 433 4069 eMail: brent.brown@clear.net.nz --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .