re: buffer theories All grist to the mill > 4 bit parallel interface is optimised for speed (that is where the > money is after all) I've seen 4-bit referred to as 'native'. I think an analogy could be '4-bit is to SPI as assembler is to BASIC' In BillW's link, fat16lib said he was able to write audio samples at 44k without dropping any. Unfortunately he didn't specify whether that's 44.1k 16-bit stereo (176k4 bytes/sec). If his write latency is a consistent ~1ms that implies, at a rough guess, 512 bytes per 2ms or 256k bytes/sec Some smarter preparation is certainly worth looking into, even if the maximum SPI rate is well short of 4-bit Joe --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .