Worth reading by anyone who is interested in understanding more about practical aspects of protection against electric shock and the setting of acceptable limits. This 2010 discussion paper gives extremely valuable insight into factors which affect the setting of safety standards for electric shock and how acceptable voltage/current/waveform combinations are established. Having looked through this I feel far happier than I was previously about recent changes in regulatory limits. http://www.ifmqs.com.au/images/CTL%20presentation%20Peak%20TC+attachments.p= df Russell McMahon Abstract: IEC 60990, 'Measurement of touch current and protective conductor current', provides the details needed to properly implement Touch Current measurement= s in products. In this standard under the discussion of measurement to touch current it states: Of the responses, perception/ reaction and let-go are related to the peak value of touch current and vary with frequency. Traditionally, concerns for electric shock have dealt with sinusoidal waveforms, for which rms measurements are the most convenient. Peak measurements are more appropriate for non-sinusoidal waveforms. This comment has always been intended to be used by knowledgeable electrica= l engineers or other professionals involved in the development and use of technical standards for evaluation of equipment with reference to electric shock. The expectation has always been that invoking the IEC 60990 Touch Current measurement circuits and methods would involve common sense and that the proper measurement would be based upon the waveshape. A comparison of the implementation of this Touch Current measurement in several standards is discussed in this paper. --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .