I went back and read the article again, and this time I found the part that says there is a spring that closes the iris, and the current opens it. So = I believe you are correct. I was in doubt before I went back and read it, an= d those illustrations with the op amps certainly suggested otherwise. In the end, I would suggest applying a small current to the lens and seeing how it actually works. You have the advantage of having the actual part in front of you. Just a comment about "galvanometer": I understood the theory a little different. The iris mechanism is > galvanometric, so we need to apply the current in only one direction, > I looked up the definition, ,just to be sure, and there's nothing about galvanometers that implies current in one direction only. Nowadays the ter= m seems to mean "current driven" and "very sensitive". Barry --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .