On 18/06/2011 01:44, V G wrote: > I'm pretending that R2 is the battery, gradually increasing its impedance= as > it's state of charge increases. The voltage across the battery never seem= s > to hit 4.0V. Because of the bipolar saturation voltage. A FET would be better as a=20 pass element, which is why they are used in LDOs. It seems you are still seeing the bipolar as a variable resistor. It=20 doesn't work like that - better to see it as a voltage controlled=20 current source. Try your simulation again, but set the base current to 1uA and plot=20 this: d(V(n002))/d(Ic(q1)) This will give you the dynamic impedance of the collector. --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .