All, I have been going round in circles today considering how to drive a=20 logic level FET. I have tried a few things on breadboard but don't=20 trust the results, many of the weird observations could be to do with=20 the breadboard. I wish to drive a IR LED at 40khz (essentially the Sony IR protocol),=20 somewhere between 50mA and 100mA max LED Ifwd. In testing I have been=20 using a 2N7000. I am confused around whether or not to use resistors, there is a lot of=20 conflicting advice online. The options seem roughly to be: A) Connect the gate directly to the PIC pin, no resistor. Lower parts=20 count, which is always useful. B) Use a low (100Ohm or similar) resistor in series between PIC output=20 and the FET. Provides some protection for the PIC. And for an alternative problem: Y) No resistor between gate and GND, once again lower parts count and no=20 worry of the PIC having to source more current when pulling the pin high. Z) A high (>=3D10k) resistor between gate and GND. Most useful if the PIC= =20 could ever be disconnected from the FET (which it cannot in this=20 instance). However, also provides some protection during ICSP, power on=20 (before TRIS is set) and will ensure the FET always turns off. I am not particularly tight on space nor constrained by a few extra=20 pennies, but it would be good to know which combination of (A|B)+(Y|Z)=20 is correct and for what reasons. David --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .