Essentially the 5V cct can be connected hard across the mains independent of the bulb and is always on It needs to withstand the mains voltage input while delivering low voltage output at 5V. The bulb serves to confuse the question. --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .