>> internal resistance will increase. >> >=20 > Yes sir. What size capacitor do you recommend? I've found with IR transmitters that a 470uF / 6V low-leakage makes a big difference as the batteries run out. As Sergey says, Vdd will droop and spike without a reservoir cap. You should be able to work out what capacity is need to smooth Vdd. For an IR transmitter the demand is fairly-well spaced bursts, giving the cap time to recover somewhat. You might find that your circuit draws too much current to be supplied like that from the cap, but it would still be helpful for bulk smoothing and preventing glitches --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .