On 05/05/2011 12:22, V G wrote: > You could say the same for C. The whole point is to hide the low level > stuff generated by the compiler. All I'm saying is, personally, I need > to know what's being hidden so I can truly understand what's going on. no you don't. Even on C on any CPU big enough to have a "mainstream" OS,=20 99% of expertise is not even knowing C syntax, but C libraries. Unless=20 you are writing a device driver you don't want to know how it's=20 implemented. Even then what you "need to know" of what is "hidden" by=20 compiler is very little. You need to learn what you are doing. Herbert appears to be expert on=20 this stuff. What is your Goal? Unless you are doing designs at limit of the capacity of speed/"gate=20 utilisation" you don't need to know what is inside unless you are=20 designing FPGA. Even if you are going to only do Verilog you should spend 2 days to a=20 week looking at VHDL. Unless you have specific goals or project that needs FPGA you will find=20 it hard to keep up momentum and focus on the real issues to learn. I have done even device driver stuff on ARM and x86 Linux. ARM is RISC=20 and could be SoC almost all the I/O of a laptop with maybe less than=20 200,000 transistor core. Intel x86 might use ten chips or more for same=20 I/O and separate CISC CPU with over Billion transistors (x50 more). The=20 same C device driver code compiles for both for the PCMCIA modem. If you doing "real time" timing on CPU in software, you may look inside=20 the x86 when it doesn't work, decide it's a horror and make a plug in=20 USB dongle that uses an 18F PIC instead :) --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .