RussellMc gmail.com> writes: >=20 > > > "Rate" may mean volume per second or velocity. The former is more > > > rigorous but the latter not unknown. >=20 > > Linear velocity, at least for pipe flow is a non-descriptive term by it= self. >=20 > Och aye! > That was embodied in " ... the former is more rigorous ... " along > with a few other things as well=20 > If you use eg a "propellor" for velocity measurement it will add it's > own "law" to what it tells you and you'll probably need a custom form > of weed to be sure of getting it right as eg depth varies, prop dia > other than full pipe dia leads to differences, fluid density may > matter, entrained solids too, ... . >=20 Next time I need flow measurement I will ask you for the custom weed form. = Last year I was involved in a project where the "pipe" was 100 micron tube. We measured flow optically, by tracking suspended particles (about 1 micron diameter), and by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). I did not think NMR wo= uld be applicable to the OP question. Need some pretty uniform magnets and hig= hly specialized (read expensive) electronics. IIRC, frequency shift of NMR sig= nal was <10 Hz with center frequency about 70 MHz. =20 During the project I also saw a nice demonstration of "newtonianness" of different liquids: e.g. water - newtonian, blood - not. Sergey Dryga http://beaglerobotics.com --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .