jim@jpes.com wrote: > Isn't a LOW logic signal always some magnitude above zero volts? No. A low logic signal will have some upper limit it is allowed, but zero volts is almost always within the valid range. Many PIC inputs require a logic low input to not exceed .2 Vdd and allow it to be something like -300mV (no= t sure exactly, check datasheet). In practise small negative voltages can occur due to ground offset, not eve= n considering short term transients. ******************************************************************** Embed Inc, Littleton Massachusetts, http://www.embedinc.com/products (978) 742-9014. Gold level PIC consultants since 2000. --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .