Note also that, to a variable extent, depending on dielectric, phase of moon, dead fish count etc, ceramic capacitors can exhibit a response to an applied voltage step that causes them to "ring" to well above supply voltag= e in some cases. So eg applying a 5V power supply switch on step may result i= n a ringing response of , say, 10V. Susceptible equipment may be destroyed by this effect. Russell McMahon --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .