> > Can you please explain how you deduced those two frequencies. > > This is very basic electronics: It is. > =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 1 > Frequency =3D --------------------------- > =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A02 Pi Resistance Capacitance In isolation, yes. Given Tc =3D time Constant =3D R x C. I note that there is a factor of about 6 (and slightly different in each case, mainly due to rounding) between 1/Tc and the frequencies that you stated. ie ~=3D 2Pi. In what is essentially a passive 2 stage (one pole, one zero) RC filter the second stage will load the first somewhat, BUT the biggest area of 'debate' is where the 3 dB corner frequency lies compared to the simplistic case. At the corner frequency of the first RC stage the second 10 uF has an impedance (of course) equal (in magnitude) to the resistance of R1, so C1 is loaded with a series load of 148k capacitive in series with 320k resistive. This loading is non trivial and will skew the result. In this case the HP & LP frequencies are well enough out of desired range (depending on what heart is being measured :-) ) and excessively 'tight' that the difference between simplistic and actual are more of academic than actual interest. I genuinely wont suggest that your answer was sloppy, as I don't think that real precision is required when giving examples like this BUT I make the point (no doubt rejected :-) ) that if somebody else had done that, then 'sloppy" would have been the least of the epithets that you would have used. You can say that the difference is not important in this case, and I'd agree, and isn't the point of the exercise, and I'd agree, and ... and I'd probably agree :-) - but the point is that you need to allow some "sloppiness to others in equivalent circumstances. No? Russell --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .